Moral values and vaccination behavior in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Effective persuasive communication necessitates message matching; the conveyed message should resonate with the recipient's characteristics, including individual moral values. While studies examining the relationship between moral values and vaccination behavior have been conducted in a limited number of countries, this study seeks to provide evidence on this relationship beyond Western democracies.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from November 4 to December 17, 2021, in Russia.

Motivators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Russia.

Vaccine hesitancy is one of the major roadblocks to ending the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about individuals' motivators and barriers to vaccination in Russia. We aimed to determine which factors were associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Russia.

HIV Testing Patterns Among Recently Self-Tested Russian Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Qualitative Study.

Most qualitative research to date on HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been devoted to questions related to perceptions of HIVST among various groups of men who have sex with men (MSM) in different countries. However, little is known about HIV testing patterns of HIVST testers. Thrity-two Russian MSM, 10 with HIV and 22 without, from five cities were interviewed about their HIV testing and risk behaviors.

Health Behaviors During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Perspectives From Studying International Coping and Compliance.

Control of the COVID-19 pandemic requires significant changes in people's health behaviors. We offer this multidisciplinary perspective on the extent of compliance with social distancing recommendations and on coping with these measures around the globe in the first months of the pandemic. We present descriptive data from our survey of 17,650 respondents across 18 countries and territories in June 2020.

Harm reduction via online platforms for people who use drugs in Russia: a qualitative analysis of web outreach work.

Background: Harm reduction services to people who use drugs (PWUD) in Russia are insufficient in terms of quantity, government endorsement, and accessibility. The situation has recently deteriorated even further because of social distancing measures of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several organizations have started to provide some harm reduction services via online platforms by web outreach.

Harm reduction via online platforms for people who use drugs in Russia: A qualitative analysis of web outreach work.

Background Harm reduction services to people who use drugs (PWUD) in Russia are insufficient in terms of quantity, government endorsement, and accessibility. The situation has recently deteriorated even further because of social distancing measures of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently several harm reduction organizations have started to provide some harm reduction services via online platforms by web outreach.

Development of a global index measuring national policy commitments to HIV prevention and treatment among people who inject drugs.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) around the world are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. National policy responses to the epidemic heavily influence risk factors for HIV acquisition among this key group. Prior efforts to monitor national policy responses to HIV/AIDS among PWID were limited both in scope and coverage.

A New Generation of Drug Users in St. Petersburg, Russia? HIV, HCV, and Overdose Risks in a Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of Young Hard Drug Users.

Russia has a widespread injection drug use epidemic with high prevalence of HIV and HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID). We conducted a mixed methods study of young (age 18-26) hard drug users in St. Petersburg.

"Until people start dying in droves, no actions will be taken": perception and experience of HIV-preventive measures among people who inject drugs in northwestern Russia.

Background: The HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Russia continues to spread. This exploratory study examines how HIV-prevention measures are perceived and experienced by PWID in the northwestern region of Russia.

Methods: Purposive sampling was used to obtain a variety of cases that could reflect possible differences in perception and experience of HIV-prevention efforts.

Metadata Correction: Internet Search and Krokodil in the Russian Federation: An Infoveillance Study.

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Taking care of themselves: how long-term injection drug users remain HIV and Hepatitis C free.

Though prevalence of HIV and especially Hepatitis C is high among people who inject drugs (PWID) in New York, about a third of those who have injected for 8-15 years have avoided infection by either virus despite their long-term drug use. Based on life history interviews with 35 long-term PWID in New York, this article seeks to show how successful integration and performance of various drug using and non-drug using roles may have contributed to some of these PWID's staying uninfected with either virus. We argue that analysis of non-risk related aspects of the lives of the risk-takers (PWID) is very important in understanding their risk-taking behaviour and its outcomes (infection statuses).

An AIDS-denialist online community on a Russian social networking service: patterns of interactions with newcomers and rhetorical strategies of persuasion.

Background: The rise of social media proved to be a fertile ground for the expansion of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-denialist movement (in the form of online communities). While there is substantial literature devoted to disproving AIDS-denialist views, there is a lack of studies exploring AIDS-denialists online communities that interact with an external environment.

Objective: We explored three research areas: (1) reasons for newcomers to come to an AIDS-denialist community, (2) the patterns of interactions of the community with the newcomers, and (3) rhetorical strategies that denialists use for persuasion in the veracity of their views.

Internet search and krokodil in the Russian Federation: an infoveillance study.

Background: Krokodil is an informal term for a cheap injectable illicit drug domestically prepared from codeine-containing medication (CCM). The method of krokodil preparation may produce desomorphine as well as toxic reactants that cause extensive tissue necrosis. The first confirmed report of krokodil use in Russia took place in 2004.

Symbiotic goals and the prevention of blood-borne viruses among injection drug users.

A positive-deviance control-case life history study of injection drug users (IDUs) in New York City who had injected drugs for 8-15 years compared 21 IDUs who were antibody negative for both HIV and hepatitis C with 3 infected with both viruses and 11 infected with hepatitis C virus but not HIV. Eligible subjects were referred from other research studies and from community organizations that conduct testing for HIV and hepatitis C virus. Data were collected during 2005-2008 and were analyzed using life history and grounded theory approaches.

Strategies to avoid opiate withdrawal: implications for HCV and HIV risks.

Background: Research on heroin withdrawal has primarily been done clinically, thus focussing on symptom severity, physiological manifestations, and how withdrawal impairs normal functioning. However, there is little scientific knowledge on how heroin withdrawal affects injection behaviour. This paper explores how withdrawal episodes heighten unsafe injection practices and how some long-term injectors manage such risks.