Effect of reduced pH on physiology and shell integrity of juvenile (pāua) from New Zealand.

The New Zealand pāua or black footed abalone, , is one of many mollusc species at potential risk from ocean acidification and warming. To investigate possible impacts, juvenile pāua (~24 mm shell length) were grown for 4 months in seawater pH/pCO conditions projected for 2100. End of century seawater projections (pH 7.

In situ response of Antarctic under-ice primary producers to experimentally altered pH.

Elevated atmospheric CO concentrations are contributing to ocean acidification (reduced seawater pH and carbonate concentrations), with potentially major ramifications for marine ecosystems and their functioning. Using a novel in situ experiment we examined impacts of reduced seawater pH on Antarctic sea ice-associated microalgal communities, key primary producers and contributors to food webs. pH levels projected for the following decades-to-end of century (7.

The physiological response of the deep-sea coral to ocean acidification.

Several forms of calcifying scleractinian corals provide important habitat complexity in the deep-sea and are consistently associated with a high biodiversity of fish and other invertebrates. How these corals may respond to the future predicted environmental conditions of ocean acidification is poorly understood, but any detrimental effects on these marine calcifiers will have wider impacts on the ecosystem. Colonies of , a protected deep-sea coral commonly occurring throughout the New Zealand region, were collected during a cruise in March 2014 from the Louisville Seamount Chain.

Suprapubic stab cystostomy: a safer technique.

Suprapubic catheters have gained wide acceptance in urology. Although many regard their insertion a simple procedure, morbidity is significant and is probably underreported. We describe a percutaneous technique using intraoperative ultrasonography combined with flexible cystoscopy to ensure safe insertion, minimizing the risk to adjacent viscera.