Hematologic and serum biochemistry reference values in wild-caught white-footed tamarins (Saguinus leucopus) housed in captivity.

The white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus) is an endangered primate that lives in a small forest corridor in northern Colombia, South America. Hematologic and serum biochemistry reference values are important tools in evaluating the health of the white-footed tamarin and serve to promote the survival of this species. The purpose of this study was to establish diagnostically important hematologic and serum biochemistry reference values for healthy white-footed tamarins and to determine whether there was significant variation with respect to age class (juveniles, adults), gender, and housing facility.

Teaching as a first, second, or third language.

The 2005 National Carl J. Norden/Pfizer Distinguished Teaching Award may bear my name, but clearly it is shared recognition for the institutions, numerous individuals, and varied professional experiences that inspired and influenced a veterinarian who became a teacher whom students seemed to value. My education, practice experience, exposure to some superb educators, and feedback from students have provided a diverse background of knowledge and experiences that have allowed me to adapt to teaching opportunities in courses other than clinical pathology and to develop my own style of instruction, teaching philosophy, and examination strategies and formats.

Diagnosis and successful treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii in a domestic ferret.

A domestic ferret was presented for episodic regurgitation. Cytologic examination and culture of an enlarged submandibular lymph node revealed Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii (serotype A). The ferret was successfully treated with itraconazole.

Use of the ADVIA 120 for differentiating extracellular and intracellular hemoglobin.

Background: The use of cell-free hemoglobin (Hgb) solutions, such as Oxyglobin (Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA, USA), as a blood substitute for the treatment of acute anemias is increasing in veterinary medicine. These solutions interfere with colorimetric tests, which do not discriminate between cellular Hgb (Hgb-cell) from the patient and extracellular Hgb (Hgb-delta) from the Oxyglobin, and therefore make the monitoring of anemia, based on Hgb concentration, difficult. The ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA) evaluates Hgb by 2 methods, a standard cyanmethemoglobin colorimetric method and flow cytometry, and therefore might provide the means to differentiate extracellular and intracellular Hgb.

Induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in liver and lung by benzo(a)pyrene and 7,12-d imethylbenz(a)anthracene do not affect distribution of polycyclic hydrocarbons to target tissue: role of AhR and CYP1B1 in bone marrow cytotoxicity.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (50 mg/kg, i.p.) selectively deplete mouse bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic cells through a process that is dependent on CYP1B1.

7-12 Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced bone marrow hypocellularity is dependent on signaling through both the TNFR and PKR.

In addition to being carcinogenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to cause deleterious effects on the immune system, including a marked reduction in bone marrow granulocytes and B lymphocytes. The molecular mechanisms underlying bone marrow hypocellularity are incompletely understood. Hematopoiesis is governed by the production of cytokines and the resultant signaling pathways that they initiate.

Bone marrow cytotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene is dependent on CYP1B1 but is diminished by Ah receptor-mediated induction of CYP1A1 in liver.

We have previously used CYP1B1-null mice to demonstrate that dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) requires CYP1B1 for bone marrow (BM) toxicity. Benzo(a)pyrene (BP), a much more potent Ah receptor ligand, shows very different responses that nevertheless depend on CYP1B1. Wild-type (AhR(b)) mice treated with DMBA for 48 h exhibit a large loss in BM cellularity and disruption of marrow structure that is not seen for BP treatment.

7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced bone marrow toxicity is p53-dependent.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known immunotoxins and carcinogens. Our laboratory and others have demonstrated that metabolism of these compounds by CYP1B1 is required for carcinogenicity and immunotoxicity to occur. Previously, our laboratory reported significantly decreased bone marrow cellularity in mice following 7,12-dimethlybenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) administration.

Laboratory evaluation and interpretation of synovial fluid.

Canine and feline joint disease can be a primary disorder limited to joints or a manifestation of multisystemic disease. Collection and analysis of joint fluid provides valuable information for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diseases that affect the joint space. The cytologic recognition of the cellular components and infectious agents in synovial fluid categorizes the cell response and differentiates inflammatory and noninflammatory joint disorders.

Serum fructosamine concentration in nondiabetic and diabetic cats.

Differentiating transient hyperglycemia from diabetic hyperglycemia can be difficult in cats since single blood glucose measurements reflect only momentary glucose concentrations, and values may be elevated because of stress-induced hyperglycemia. Glycated protein measurements serve as monitors of longer-term glycemic control in human diabetics. Using an automated nitroblue tetrazolium assay, fructosamine concentration was measured in serum from 24 healthy control cats and 3 groups of hospitalized cats: 32 euglycemic, 19 transiently hyperglycemic, and 12 diabetic cats.

Chylothorax associated with cryptococcal mediastinal granuloma in a cat.

A 10-year-old neutered female cat had chylothorax, precaval syndrome, and a mediastinal granuloma resulting from infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. Diagnosis of a chylous effusion was made by cytologic examination of pleural fluid and by finding higher triglyceride levels in the effusion than in serum (825 vs. 64 mg/dl, respectively).

Diagnosis of histoplasmosis in a dog by cytologic examination of CSF.

A mixed inflammatory cell pleocytosis was identified in a cytocentrifuged sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and diagnosis of histoplasmosis was made on the basis of finding Histoplasma capsulatum organisms within macrophages. This dog had disseminated histoplasmosis with multiple organ involvement including the central nervous system (CNS) and eye.