Development and Validation of a Brief Measure of Self-Management Competence: The Self-Management Self-Test (SMST).

Background: Self-management can be considered a way of dealing with oneself and relates to actions undertaken to create order, discipline, and control. The concept is closely linked to concepts of self-efficacy and self-regulation but can be distinguished from these. The Self-Management Self-Test (SMST) is a 5-item assessment scale designed to measure self-management competence in individuals with or without a psychiatric disorder (as screened using PHQ).

Development and Validation of a Brief Measure of Self-Management Competence: The Self-Management Self-Test (SMST).

Background: Self-management can be considered a way of dealing with oneself and relates to actions undertaken to create order, discipline, and control. The concept is closely linked to concepts of self-efficacy and self-regulation but can be distinguished from these. The Self-Management Self-Test (SMST) is a 5-item assessment scale designed to measure self-management competence in individuals with or without a psychiatric disorder (as screened using PHQ).

The effects of music therapy on the interaction of the self and emotions-An interim analysis.

Objectives: Music therapy is a well-established non-verbal treatment method in psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine. However, empirical data of its impact on emotion modulation processes and personality dimensions are still sparce. An interesting concept is the use of music for emotion modulation in everyday life.

Treatment compliance or medication adherence in children and adolescents on ADHD medication in clinical practice: results from the COMPLY observational study.

Although the efficacy and tolerability of ADHD medications have been investigated fairly extensively, there are very few data comparing the different types of medication (e.g. psychostimulants, non-stimulants) in terms of medication adherence.

Findings from the observational COMPLY study in children and adolescents with ADHD: core symptoms, ADHD-related difficulties, and patients' emotional expression during psychostimulant or nonstimulant ADHD treatment.

The aim of this study was to explore the course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) core symptoms, ADHD-related difficulties, and emotional expression during ADHD pharmacotherapy and associations between them. This prospective, observational study examines pediatric patients with ADHD who newly initiated stimulant, atomoxetine or a combination of both treatments. Data were collected at baseline; weeks 1, 2, and 4; and months 3, 6, 9, and 12.

Olanzapine and clozapine differently affect sleep in patients with schizophrenia: results from a double-blind, polysomnographic study and review of the literature.

Schizophrenia is associated with impaired sleep continuity. The second generation antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine have been reported to improve sleep continuity but also to rarely induce restless legs syndrome (RLS). The aims of this randomized double-blind study were to compare the effects of clozapine and olanzapine on sleep and the occurrence of RLS.

Does Comorbid Disruptive Behavior Modify the Effects of Atomoxetine on ADHD Symptoms as Measured by a Continuous Performance Test and a Motion Tracking Device?

Objective: To compare the reduction of ADHD symptoms under atomoxetine in patients with and without comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD) using a computer-based continuous performance test (cb-CPT) combined with an infrared motion tracking (MT) device.

Method: Secondary analysis of a placebo-controlled study in ADHD patients (6-12 years old) treated with atomoxetine (target dose: 1.2 mg/kg per day).

Does atomoxetine improve executive function, inhibitory control, and hyperactivity? Results from a placebo-controlled trial using quantitative measurement technology.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of atomoxetine (ATX) on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related symptoms assessed as standard variables of a computer-based continuous performance test (cb-CPT) combined with a motion-tracking (MT) device. This was a 2-arm, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with ADHD (6-12 years). Therapy with ATX started with 0.

Does stimulant pretreatment modify atomoxetine effects on core symptoms of ADHD in children assessed by quantitative measurement technology?

Objective: To compare the reduction of ADHD symptoms under atomoxetine (ATX) in patients with and without pretreatment with a stimulant medication using a computer-based Continuous Performance Test (cb-CPT) combined with an infrared motion tracking (MT) device.

Method: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study in ADHD patients (6-12 years) treated with ATX (target dose = 1.2 mg/kg per day).

Health-related quality of life in ADHD: a pooled analysis of gender differences in five atomoxetine trials.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with considerable impairment in health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Atomoxetine has been found to improve HR-QoL in both children and adolescents. However, there is scarcity of data on gender differences in treatment responses to ADHD medications.

Sleep propensity at daytime as assessed by Multiple Sleep Latency Tests (MSLT) in patients with schizophrenia increases with clozapine and olanzapine.

Sleep propensity at daytime has not been investigated in untreated patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, while the antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine are considered to frequently cause 'sleepiness' or 'sedation', this has not been objectified yet. Therefore, 30 patients with schizophrenia were included in this randomized, double-blind study.

Neuropsychological outcomes across the day in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with atomoxetine: results from a placebo-controlled study using a computer-based continuous performance test combined with an infra-red motion-tracking device.

The effect of atomoxetine (ATX) on executive function has been assessed by means of questionnaires only. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the efficacy of ATX using standard variables of a computer-based continuous performance test (cb-CPT) combined with an infra-red motion-tracking device at different times of the day. One hundred twenty-eight girls and boys aged 6 to 12 years with a diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were randomized in the study.

Psychometric properties of the quality of life scale Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition in a combined analysis of five atomoxetine trials.

Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the generic quality of life (QoL) scale Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE) by means of a combined analysis of atomoxetine clinical trials in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Individual patient-level data from five clinical trials were included in the combined analysis. Psychometric properties of the CHIP-CE were explored in terms of internal consistency and structure.

Atomoxetine versus placebo in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder: a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial in Germany.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of atomoxetine (ATX, target dose 1.2 mg/kg daily) on symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A secondary objective was to compare fast versus slow up-titration of ATX.

Minor differences in ADHD-related difficulties between boys and girls treated with atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Unlabelled: Atomoxetine may improve ADHD-related difficulties and hence the quality of life (QoL) in children and adolescents. Perception of these difficulties may differ with the rater perspective (patient, parent, physician) or patients' sex. The objective of this study was to investigate QoL as reflected by perceived ADHD-related difficulties perceived from these three perspectives and compare boys and girls.

Differential 3-year effects of first- versus second-generation antipsychotics on subjective well-being in schizophrenia using marginal structural models.

Objective: This study examined the differential effects of first- (FGAs) versus second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) on subjective well-being in patients with schizophrenia.

Method: Data were collected in an observational 3-year follow-up study of 2224 patients with schizophrenia. Subjective well-being was assessed with the Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale (SWN-K).

Effect of atomoxetine on quality of life and family burden: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of atomoxetine on quality of life (QoL) and family burden in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid oppositional defiant (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD).

Methods: This secondary analysis was based on a randomized, double-blind, 9-week study of atomoxetine (target dose 1.2 mg/kg body weight) versus placebo.

Differences between children and adolescents in treatment response to atomoxetine and the correlation between health-related quality of life and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder core symptoms: Meta-analysis of five atomoxetine trials.

Objectives: To explore the influence of age on treatment responses to atomoxetine and to assess the relationship between core symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) outcomes.

Data Sources: Data from five similar clinical trials of atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD were included in this meta-analysis.

Study Selection: Atomoxetine studies that used the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) and the Child Health and Illness Profile Child Edition (CHIP-CE) as outcome measures were selected.

Quality of life and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder core symptoms: a pooled analysis of 5 non-US atomoxetine clinical trials.

The objective of this pooled analysis was to correlate parameters related to quality of life with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) core symptoms analyzing data of 5 atomoxetine clinical trials in children and adolescents with ADHD. Data from 5 clinical trials (4 from Europe and 1 from Canada) with similar inclusion/exclusion criteria and similar duration (8-12 weeks' follow-up) were included. All studies used the Child Health and Illness Profile, Child Edition (CHIP-CE), parent rating form at baseline and end point.

Self-esteem in adolescent patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during open-label atomoxetine treatment: psychometric evaluation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and clinical findings.

To report on (1) psychometric properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) studied in adolescents with ADHD, (2) correlations of SES with ADHD scale scores, and (3) change in patient-reported self-esteem with atomoxetine treatment. ADHD patients (12-17 years), treated in an open-label study for 24 weeks. Secondary analyses on ADHD symptoms (assessed with ADHD-RS, CGI, GIPD scales) and self-esteem (SES) were performed.

Social and emotional impairment in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact on quality of life.

This review provides an overview as to how the social and emotional impairments involved in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder affect the quality of life of patients and their families. A model of three categories into which the emotional difficulties fall, and how they impair quality of life, is also presented.

Atomoxetine treatment and ADHD-related difficulties as assessed by adolescent patients, their parents and physicians.

Background: The degree of ADHD-related difficulties - reflecting overall impairment, social functioning, and quality of life - may be perceived differently by adolescent patients, parents and physicians. The primary aim of this study was to investigate ADHD-related difficulties during atomoxetine treatment, as perceived by the three different raters. Secondary objectives focused on effectiveness and tolerability of atomoxetine treatment in a population of adolescent patients with ADHD.

Morning and evening behavior in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine once daily for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): findings from two 24-week, open-label studies.

Background: The impact of once daily atomoxetine treatment on symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD may vary over the day. In order to capture such variations, two studies were undertaken in children and adolescents with ADHD using two instruments that capture morning and evening behavior and ADHD-related difficulties over the day. This secondary measure analysis builds on two primary analyses that were conducted separately for children and adolescents and also published separately.

Change in the direct cost of treatment for children and adolescents with hyperkinetic disorder in Germany over a period of four years.

Background: In many developed countries, the treatment of hyperkinetic disorder (or ADHD) consumes a considerable amount of resources. The primary aim of this study was to determine change in the direct cost of treatment for children and adolescents with hyperkinetic disorder in Germany over time, and compare the cost with the cost of treatment for two physical disorders: epilepsy and asthma.

Methods: The German Federal Statistical Office provided data on the direct cost of treating hyperkinetic disorder, epilepsy and asthma in Germany for 2002, 2004, and 2006.