The Relationship Between Meeting Workplace Accommodation Needs and Job Disruptions Among Canadians Working With Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objective: This research explores whether having accommodation needs met reduces job disruptions.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey (n = 955) of Canadians working with physical and/or mental/cognitive disabilities was used to assess the association between having workplace accommodations (ie, flexibility, modifications) needs met and four types of job disruptions. Analyses used marginal effects models to adjust for demographic and work context variables.

Using a causal decomposition approach to estimate the contribution of employment to differences in mental health profiles between men and women.

Background: Mental health disorders are known to manifest differently in men and women, however our understanding of how gender interacts with mental health and well-being as a broader construct remains limited. Employment is a key determinant of mental health and there are historical differences in occupational roles among men and women that continue to influence working lives (Bonde, 2008; Cabezas-Rodríguez, Utzet, & Bacigalupe, 2021; Drolet, 2022; Gedikli, Miraglia, Connolly, Bryan, & Watson, 2023; Moyser, 2017; Niedhammer, Bertrais, & Witt, 2021; Stier & Yaish, 2014; Van der Doef & Maes, 1999). This study aims to explore differences in multidimensional mental health between men and women, and to quantify how these differences may change if women had the same employment characteristics as men.

Uncovering Mental Health Profiles of Workers with a Physically Disabling Injury or Illness Using the Complete State Mental Health Framework.

Background: Complete mental health encompasses both mental illness (MI) symptoms and positive mental health (PMH). Distinct profiles of MI and PMH have not been explored among injured workers. This study describes latent mental health profiles among workers with a disabling physical work injury/illness and identifies differences in sociodemographic and return-to-work factors, health correlates, and disability claim duration and cost between profiles.

Clinical Tools to Assess Functional Capacity During Risk Assessment Before Elective Noncardiac Surgery : A Scoping Review.

Background: Functional capacity is critical to preoperative risk assessment, yet guidance on its measurement in clinical practice remains lacking.

Purpose: To identify functional capacity assessment tools studied before surgery and characterize the extent of evidence regarding performance, including in populations where assessment is confounded by noncardiopulmonary reasons.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EBM Reviews (until July 2024).

Joint models inform the longitudinal assessment of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials: a simulation study and secondary analysis of the restrictive Vs. liberal fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery (RELIEF) randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Evaluate the utility of a joint model when analysing a patient-reported endpoint as part of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which censoring occurs when patients die during follow-up.

Study Design And Setting: The present study comprises two parts as follows: first we reanalyzed data from a previously published RCT comparing two fluid regimens in the first 24 hours of major abdomino-pelvic surgery ('Restrictive versus Liberal Fluid Therapy for Major Abdominal Surgery [RELIEF]' trial). In this trial, patient-reported disability was measured at multiple timepoints before and after surgery.

Gender and sex differences in occupation-specific infectious diseases: a systematic review.

Occupational infectious disease risks between men and women have often been attributed to the gendered distribution of the labour force, with limited comparative research on occupation-specific infectious disease risks. The objective of this study was to compare infectious disease risks within the same occupations by gender. A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2021 was undertaken.

Is precarious employment an occupational hazard? Evidence from Ontario, Canada.

Objectives: To examine the association between precarious employment and risk of occupational injury or illness in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We combined accepted lost-time compensation claims from the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board with labour force statistics to estimate injury and illness rates between January 2016 and December 2019. Precarious employment was imputed using a job exposure matrix and operationalised in terms of temporary employment, low wages, irregular hours, involuntary part-time employment and a multidimensional measure of 'low', 'medium', 'high' and 'very high' probabilities of exposure to precarious employment.

Precarious employment and the workplace transmission of COVID-19: evidence from workers' compensation claims in Ontario, Canada.

Objective: To examine the association between precarious employment and risk of work-related COVID-19 infection in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We combined data from an administrative census of workers' compensation claims with corresponding labour force statistics to estimate rates of work-related COVID-19 infection between April 2020 and April 2022. Precarious employment was imputed using a job exposure matrix capturing temporary employment, low wages, irregular hours, involuntary part-time employment and a multidimensional indicator of 'low', 'medium', 'high' and 'very high' overall exposure to precarious employment.

Cannabis use motives and associations with personal and work characteristics among Canadian workers: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Research on cannabis use motives has focused on youth. Little is known about motives among working adults, including how work may play a role. This study aimed to describe cannabis use motives and their connection to work, and identify the personal and work correlates of work-related motives among a sample of workers.

Unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population.

Background: Unpaid overtime-describing a situation where extra hours are worked but not paid for-is a common feature of the labor market that, together with other forms of wage theft, costs workers billions of dollars annually. In this study, we examine the association between unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population. We also assess the relative strength of that association by comparing it against those of other broadly recognized work stressors.

Improving prevalence estimates of mental health and well-being indicators among sexual minority men: a propensity-weighting approach.

The prevalence and relative disparities of mental health outcomes and well-being indicators are often inconsistent across studies of sexual minority men (SMM) due to selection biases in community-based surveys (nonprobability sample), as well as misclassification biases in population-based surveys where some SMM often conceal their sexual orientation identities. The present study estimated the prevalence of mental health related outcomes (depressive symptoms, mental health service use, anxiety) and well-being indicators (loneliness and self-rated mental health) among SMM, broken down by sexual orientation using the adjusted logistic propensity score (ALP) weighting. We applied the ALP to correct for selection biases in the 2019 Sex Now data (a community-based survey of SMMs in Canada) by reweighting it to the 2015-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey (a population survey from Statistics Canada).

Using unsupervised clustering approaches to identify common mental health profiles and associated mental health-care service-use patterns in Ontario, Canada.

Mental health is a complex, multidimensional concept that goes beyond clinical diagnoses, including psychological distress, life stress, and well-being. In this study, we aimed to use unsupervised clustering approaches to identify multidimensional mental health profiles that exist in the population, and their associated service-use patterns. The data source was the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health, linked to administrative health-care data; all Ontario, Canada, adult respondents were included.

The adequacy of workplace accommodation and the incidence of permanent employment separations after a disabling work injury or illness.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the influence of the adequacy of employer accommodations of health impairments in predicting permanent separation from the employment relationship in a cohort of workers disabled by a work-related injury or illness.

Methods: The study used data from a retrospective, observational cohort of 1793 Ontario workers who participated in an interviewer-administered survey 18 months following a disabling injury or illness. The relative risks (RR) of a permanent employment separation associated with inadequate employer accommodations were estimated using inverse probability of treatment weights to reduce confounding.

Variation in occupational exposure risk for COVID-19 workers' compensation claims across pandemic waves in Ontario.

Objectives: To understand rates of work-related COVID-19 (WR-C19) infection by occupational exposures across waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We combined workers' compensation claims for COVID-19 with data from Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey, to estimate rates of WR-C19 among workers spending the majority of their working time at the workplace between 1 April 2020 and 30 April 2022. Occupational exposures, imputed using a job exposure matrix, were whether the occupation was public facing, proximity to others at work, location of work and a summary measure of low, medium and high occupational exposure.

Evaluation of the Ontario Mandatory Working-at-Heights Training Requirement in Construction, 2012‒2019.

The province of Ontario, Canada, implemented mandatory day-long training for construction workers required to use fall-protection equipment. More than 400 000 training sessions were completed by 2017 when the requirement took full effect. The lost-time workers' compensation claim incidence rate attributable to falls targeted by the training was 19% lower in 2017-2019 than in 2012-2014.

Understanding the Unmet Accommodation Needs of People Working with Mental or Cognitive Conditions: The Importance of Gender, Gendered Work, and Employment Factors.

Purpose: Workplace support needs for women and men living with mental health conditions are not well understood. This study examined workplace accommodation and support needs among women and men with and without mental health or cognitive conditions and individual and workplace factors associated with having unmet needs.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 3068 Canadian workers collected information on disability, gender, gendered occupations, job conditions, work contexts, and workplace accommodations.

An observational study of pain severity, cannabis use, and benefit expenditures in work disability.

Objective: This study pools two cohorts of workers in Ontario interviewed 18 months following a disabling work-related injury to estimate the association between pain severity, cannabis use, and disability benefit expenditures.

Methods: Among 1650 workers, disability benefit expenditures obtained from administrative records were combined with self-reported measures of pain symptoms and cannabis use. Disability benefit expenditures comprised wage replacement benefits and expenditures on healthcare services.

Migraine and air pollution: A systematic review.

Objective: To systematically synthesize evidence from a broad range of studies on the association between air pollution and migraine.

Background: Air pollution is a ubiquitous exposure that may trigger migraine attacks. There has been no systematic review of this possible association.

Identifying the sociodemographic and work-related factors related to workers' daily physical activity using a decision tree approach.

Background: The social and behavioural factors related to physical activity among adults are well known. Despite the overlapping nature of these factors, few studies have examined how multiple predictors of physical activity interact. This study aimed to identify the relative importance of multiple interacting sociodemographic and work-related factors associated with the daily physical activity patterns of a population-based sample of workers.

Transition between social protection systems for workers with long term health problems: A controlled retrospective cohort study.

Many nations have established workers' compensation systems as a feature of their social protection system. These systems typically provide time-limited entitlements such as wage replacement benefits and funding for medical treatment. Entitlements may end for workers with long-term health conditions before they have returned to employment.

Artificial intelligence and the work-health interface: A research agenda for a technologically transforming world of work.

The labor market is undergoing a rapid artificial intelligence (AI) revolution. There is currently limited empirical scholarship that focuses on how AI adoption affects employment opportunities and work environments in ways that shape worker health, safety, well-being and equity. In this article, we present an agenda to guide research examining the implications of AI on the intersection between work and health.

Workplace and non-workplace cannabis use and the risk of workplace injury: Findings from a longitudinal study of Canadian workers.

Objectives: Findings of previous studies examining the relationship between cannabis use and workplace injury have been conflicting, likely due to methodological shortcomings, including cross-sectional designs and exposure measures that lack consideration for timing of use. The objective was to estimate the association between workplace cannabis use (before and/or at work) and non-workplace use and the risk of workplace injury.

Methods: Canadian workers participating in a yearly longitudinal study (from 2018 to 2020) with at least two adjacent years of survey data comprised the analytic sample (n = 2745).