CT-Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Technically Challenging Oligometastatic Disease: A Case Report.

There is a growing interest in the application of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of oligometastatic cancers. This increasing appeal of SBRT has highlighted the need for more sophisticated radiotherapy techniques that allow high doses of radiation to be delivered to multiple sites while limiting the exposure of neighboring healthy tissue. A major obstacle to achieving this aim has been the occurrence of interfraction target variability: the tendency of both the tumor and the surrounding tissue to undergo day-to-day non-synchronous shifts in position.

National Cancer Database analysis of radiation therapy consolidation modality and dose for inoperable endometrial cancer.

Objective: We utilized the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to evaluate trends and assess outcomes in radiation therapy (RT) boost modality and total dose among medically inoperable endometrial cancer (EC) patients with locoregional disease.

Methods: Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I - IIIC2 inoperable EC treated with RT ± chemotherapy were analyzed. Practice patterns compared external beam RT (EBRT) versus high-dose-rate brachytherapy (BT) boost and total RT dose (palliative: ≤3000 cGy, definitive low dose [DLD]: 4500 - 6249 cGy, definitive high dose [DHD]: ≥6250 cGy) over time.

Comparison of perioperative and subacute postoperative complications between LDR and HDR monotherapy brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

Purpose: We aim to investigate perioperative and subacute postoperative complications in patients undergoing LDR or HDR monotherapy for prostate cancer. We hypothesize a low rate of complications, and a favorable toxicity profile in patients treated with HDR compared to LDR.

Materials And Methods: A prospectively collected institutional database was queried for patients treated with HDR or LDR prostate monotherapy between 1998 and 2021.

Achieving Reproducibility and Closed-Loop Automation in Biological Experimentation with an IoT-Enabled Lab of the Future.

A robotic cloud laboratory driven by a state-of-the-art unified laboratory operating system integrates automated hardware, humans, and sensors. This lab of the future system enables researchers to transparently and collaboratively create, optimize, and organize biological experiments to achieve more reproducible results, perform around-the-clock experimentation, and more efficiently navigate the vast parameter space of biology.

The Complex Roles of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin in Adipocytes and Beyond.

Having healthy adipose tissue is essential for metabolic fitness. This is clear from the obesity epidemic, which is unveiling a myriad of comorbidities associated with excess adipose tissue including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Lipodystrophy also causes insulin resistance, emphasizing the importance of having a balanced amount of fat.

Quantitative Measurement of Cholesterol in Cell Populations Using Flow Cytometry and Fluorescent Perfringolysin O.

Methods to quantify intracellular cholesterol are valuable for the study of its trafficking and storage in normal cells and in lysosomal storage disorders. Traditionally, cholesterol has been tracked using the small molecule, filipin. Filipin can be difficult to visualize and visualization can be cytotoxic as it requires UV illumination.

Amplification of Adipogenic Commitment by VSTM2A.

Despite progress in our comprehension of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue development, the nature of the factors that functionally characterize adipose precursors is still elusive. Defining the early steps regulating adipocyte development is needed for the generation of tools to control adipose tissue size and function. Here, we report the discovery of V-set and transmembrane domain containing 2A (VSTM2A) as a protein expressed and secreted by committed preadipocytes.

Raptor/mTORC1 loss in adipocytes causes progressive lipodystrophy and fatty liver disease.

Objective: Normal adipose tissue growth and function is critical to maintaining metabolic homeostasis and its excess (e.g. obesity) or absence (e.

Adipose tissue mTORC2 regulates ChREBP-driven de novo lipogenesis and hepatic glucose metabolism.

Adipose tissue de novo lipogenesis (DNL) positively influences insulin sensitivity, is reduced in obesity, and predicts insulin resistance. Therefore, elucidating mechanisms controlling adipose tissue DNL could lead to therapies for type 2 diabetes. Here, we report that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) functions in white adipose tissue (WAT) to control expression of the lipogenic transcription factor ChREBPβ.

Glycosylation inhibition reduces cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 protein-deficient cells.

Lysosomes are lined with a glycocalyx that protects the limiting membrane from the action of degradative enzymes. We tested the hypothesis that Niemann-Pick type C 1 (NPC1) protein aids the transfer of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx. A prediction of this model is that cells will be less dependent upon NPC1 if their glycocalyx is decreased in density.

Rab6 regulation of the kinesin family KIF1C motor domain contributes to Golgi tethering.

Most kinesins transport cargoes bound to their C-termini and use N-terminal motor domains to move along microtubules. We report here a novel function for KIF1C: it transports Rab6A-vesicles and can influence Golgi complex organization. These activities correlate with KIF1C's capacity to bind the Golgi protein Rab6A directly, both via its motor domain and C-terminus.

Calcite orientations and composition ranges within teeth across Echinoidea.

Sea urchin's teeth from four families of order Echinoida and from orders Temnopleuroida, Arbacioida and Cidaroida were studied with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The high and very high Mg calcite phases of the teeth, i.e.

Intact pericellular matrix of articular cartilage is required for unactivated discoidin domain receptor 2 in the mouse model.

Increased expression of the discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) results from its interaction with collagen type II. This induces expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, leading to osteoarthritis (OA). To investigate the impact of the pericellular matrix of chondrocytes on DDR2, we generated a mouse model with inducible overexpression of DDR2 in cartilage.

Pronounced negative thermal expansion from a simple structure: cubic ScF(3).

Scandium trifluoride maintains a cubic ReO(3) type structure down to at least 10 K, although the pressure at which its cubic to rhombohedral phase transition occurs drops from >0.5 GPa at ∼300 K to 0.1-0.

Attenuation of osteoarthritis progression by reduction of discoidin domain receptor 2 in mice.

Objective: To investigate whether the reduction of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR-2), a cell membrane tyrosine kinase receptor for native type II collagen, attenuates the progression of articular cartilage degeneration in mouse models of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Double-heterozygous (type XI collagen-deficient [Col11a1(+/-)] and Ddr2-deficient [Ddr2(+/-)]) mutant mice were generated. Knee joints of Ddr2(+/-) mice were subjected to microsurgical destabilization of the medial meniscus.

Role of HTRA1, a serine protease, in the progression of articular cartilage degeneration.

This study is to investigate the possible role of high temperature requirement A 1 (HtrA1) in the articular cartilage degeneration. Paraffin sections were prepared from the knee and temporomandibular (TM) joints of four mouse OA models; two of the models had a genetic mutation (type IX collagen-deficient and type XI collagen-haploinsufficient) and two were surgically induced (destabilization of the medial meniscus of knee joint and discectomy of TM joint). The HtrA1 protein expression profiles of the prepared sections were examined by immunohistostaining.

An SOS-regulated type 2 toxin-antitoxin system.

The Escherichia coli chromosome encodes seven demonstrated type 2 toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems: cassettes of two or three cotranscribed genes, one encoding a stable toxin protein that can cause cell stasis or death, another encoding a labile antitoxin protein, and sometimes a third regulatory protein. We demonstrate that the yafNO genes constitute an additional chromosomal type 2 TA system that is upregulated during the SOS DNA damage response. The yafNOP genes are part of the dinB operon, of which dinB underlies stress-induced mutagenesis mechanisms.

Association of beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 and beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, trans-Golgi enzymes involved in coupled poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis.

Poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polyLacNAc) is a linear carbohydrate polymer composed of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and galactose residues involved in cellular functions ranging from differentiation to metastasis. PolyLacNAc also serves as a scaffold on which other oligosaccharides such as sialyl Lewis X are displayed. The polymerization of the alternating N-acetylglucosamine and galactose residues is catalyzed by the successive action of UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (B3GNT1) and UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1 (B4GALT1), respectively.

A dedicated powder diffraction beamline at the advanced photon source: commissioning and early operational results.

A new dedicated high-resolution high-throughput powder diffraction beamline has been built, fully commissioned, and opened to general users at the Advanced Photon Source. The optical design and commissioning results are presented. Beamline performance was examined using a mixture of the NIST Si and Al(2)O(3) standard reference materials, as well as the LaB6 line-shape standard.

Synchrotron applications of an amorphous silicon flat-panel detector.

A GE Revolution 41RT flat-panel detector (GE 41RT) from GE Healthcare (GE) has been in operation at the Advanced Photon Source for over two years. The detector has an active area of 41 cm x 41 cm with 200 microm x 200 microm pixel size. The nominal working photon energy is around 80 keV.

A twelve-analyzer detector system for high-resolution powder diffraction.

A dedicated high-resolution high-throughput X-ray powder diffraction beamline has been constructed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). In order to achieve the goals of both high resolution and high throughput in a powder instrument, a multi-analyzer detector system is required. The design and performance of the 12-analyzer detector system installed on the powder diffractometer at the 11-BM beamline of APS are presented.

Neutrophil infiltration in normal human skin after exposure to different ultraviolet radiation sources.

Exposure of the skin to UV radiation can lead to a local infiltration of neutrophils. Not much is known on whether the infiltration of neutrophils in the irradiated skin is UV source dependent. In this study we compared different UV sources (solar-simulated radiation [SSR], narrowband [NB]-UVB, broadband [BB]-UVB and UVA1) in their potency to induce neutrophil infiltration in normal human skin after exposure to two times the minimal erythema dose of UV radiation.

Structures of 6H perovskites Ba(3)CaSb(2)O(9) and Ba(3)SrSb(2)O(9) determined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction and ab initio calculations.

The structures of the 6H perovskites Ba(3)B(2+)Sb(5+)(2)O(9), B = Ca and Sr, have been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. Ba(3)CaSb(2)O(9) and Ba(3)SrSb(2)O(9) have monoclinic C2/c and triclinic P\bar 1 space-group symmetries, respectively, while Ba(3)MgSb(2)O(9) has ideal hexagonal P6(3)/mmc space-group symmetry. The symmetry-lowering distortions are a consequence of internal ;chemical pressure' owing to the increasing effective ionic radius of the alkaline-earth cation in the perovskite B site from Mg(2+) (0.

Increased expression of the collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor 2 in articular cartilage as a key event in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Objective: To investigate the role of the collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR-2) in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to characterize femoral head cartilage from 7 patients with OA and 4 patients with fracture, as well as articular cartilage from the knee joints of mice with surgically induced OA. Gene constructs encoding human Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), DDR-2 lacking the discoidin (DS) domain (DeltaDS-DDR-2) or the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) core (DeltaPTK-DDR-2), DDR-2 containing a substitution of tyrosine for alanine at position 740 (Y740A), and luciferase driven by the matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) promoter were transfected into human chondrocyte cell lines.