Publications by authors named "Peter Kamel"

Article Synopsis
  • Imaging utilization is rising, but many studies may not be suitable for specific clinical situations, prompting a need for better guidance.
  • This research examines the effectiveness of eight popular large language models (LLMs) in providing imaging recommendations for 24 common neuroradiology scenarios, as graded by expert neuroradiologists.
  • GPT-4 and ChatGPT performed the best, with GPT-4 achieving optimal recommendations in 23 out of 24 cases, while models like Llama 2 lagged significantly behind in accuracy and usefulness.
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Article Synopsis
  • Ischemic changes in the brain are hard to detect on regular head CT scans for several hours after an infarct, but deep learning models may help identify these changes using advanced imaging techniques.
  • This study evaluates the use of dual-energy CT (DECT) to enhance early visibility of brain infarcts for machine learning applications, using a dataset of 330 DECTs collected within 48 hours of confirming an infarct via MRI.
  • Results showed that combining images from both standard 120 kV and 190 keV DECT significantly improved the algorithm's performance in accurately segmenting brain infarcts, especially notable within 6 to 12 hours after the last known well time.
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Segmentation of infarcts is clinically important in ischemic stroke management and prognostication. It is unclear what role the combination of DWI, ADC, and FLAIR MRI sequences provide for deep learning in infarct segmentation. Recent technologies in model self-configuration have promised greater performance and generalizability through automated optimization.

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Purpose: To evaluate whether a commercial AI tool for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) detection on head CT exhibited sociodemographic biases.

Methods: Our retrospective study reviewed 9736 consecutive, adult non-contrast head CT scans performed between November 2021 and February 2022 in a single healthcare system. Each CT scan was evaluated by a commercial ICH AI tool and a board-certified neuroradiologist; ground truth was defined as final radiologist determination of ICH presence/absence.

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Rationale And Objectives: The coronavirus pandemic upended in-person radiology education and led to a transition to virtual platforms. We needed a new method to monitor lecture attendance, previously relying on a physical badge system. Our goal was to develop and implement a virtual conference attendance system that is user-friendly, automated, useable in any virtual conference environment, and accurate.

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Purpose: To assess the ability of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to predict coronary artery calcium (CAC) and cardiovascular risk on chest radiographs.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 1689 radiographs in patients who underwent cardiac CT and chest radiography within the same year, between 2013 and 2018, were included (mean age, 56 years ± 11 [standard deviation]; 969 radiographs in women). Agatston scores were used as ground truth labels for DCNN training on radiographs.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the perceived value and impact of a hands-on mock call simulation program on resident confidence with interpretation of emergency department overnight call cases.

Methods: A five-session course was implemented in June of 2018 for rising PGY-3/R2 residents to mimic the experience of overnight call with indirect supervision. Sessions were led by senior residents in the program and consisted of timed, independent interpretation of 15-20 high-yield cases per day which highlighted "do-not miss" critical findings and simulated workflow interruptions including phone calls, consultations, and questions from technologists.

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Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is an open interoperability standard that allows external software to quickly search for and access clinical information from the electronic medical record (EMR) in a method that is developer-friendly, using current internet technology standards. In this article, we highlight the new FHIR standard and illustrate how FHIR can be used to offer the field of radiology a more clinically integrated and patient-centered system, opening the EMR to external radiology software in ways unfeasible with traditional standards. We explain how to construct FHIR queries relevant to medical imaging using the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM) Hackathon application programming interface (API), provide sample queries for use, and suggest solutions to offer a patient-centered, rather than an image-centered, workflow that remains clinically relevant.

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Despite a high incidence of calcific aortic valve disease in metabolic syndrome, there is little information about the fundamental metabolism of heart valves. Cell metabolism is a first responder to chemical and mechanical stimuli, but it is unknown how such signals employed in valve tissue engineering impact valvular interstitial cell (VIC) biology and valvular disease pathogenesis. In this study porcine aortic VICs were seeded into three-dimensional collagen gels and analysed for gel contraction, lactate production and glucose consumption in response to manipulation of metabolic substrates, including glucose, galactose, pyruvate and glutamine.

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