Publications by authors named "Peter James Elyanu"

Background: With limited access to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in lower income countries, and people living with HIV (PLWH) largely excluded from clinical trials, Part A of the multicentre CoVPN 3008 (Ubuntu) study aimed to assess the safety of mRNA-1273, the relative effectiveness of hybrid versus vaccine immunity, and SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence among PLWH in East and Southern Africa during the omicron outbreak.

Methods: Previously unvaccinated adults with HIV and/or other comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 received either one (hybrid immunity) or two (vaccine immunity) 100-mcg doses of ancestral strain mRNA-1273 in the first month, depending on baseline evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a prospective cohort study design, we used covariate-adjusted Cox regression and counterfactual cumulative incidence methods to determine the hazard ratio and relative risk of COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 with hybrid versus vaccine immunity within six months.

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Introduction: People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a 20-fold risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease compared to HIV-negative people. In 2021, the uptake of TB preventive treatment among the children and adolescents living with HIV at the Baylor-Uganda HIV clinic was 45%, which was below the national target of 90%. Minimal evidence documents the enablers and barriers to TB preventive treatment (TPT) initiation and completion among children and adolescents living with HIV(CALHIV).

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Background: Depression is common among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) and impacts their quality of life. However, it is not routinely detected and treated due to a lack of screening tools, coupled with large numbers of clients in the HIV clinics and limited staff. Enabling adolescents to do a self-assessment for depression on a tablet computer could possibly improve the detection of depression in this population.

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Background: The high case-fatality rates among children with tuberculosis (TB) are reportedly driven by in-hospital mortality and severe forms of TB. Therefore, there is need to better understand the predictors of mortality among children hospitalised with TB. We examined the patient clinical profiles, length of hospital stay from date of admission to date of final admission outcome, and predictors of mortality among children hospitalised with TB at two tertiary hospitals in Uganda.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study in Western Uganda assessed the impact of community dialogue meetings led by local leaders on COVID-19 vaccine perceptions among participants.
  • Results showed a significant increase in leaders' COVID-19 risk perception and a decrease in concerns about the vaccine after the meetings.
  • Participants also reported a greater belief in the benefits and accessibility of the COVID-19 vaccine, reflecting a positive shift in attitude toward vaccination.
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Article Synopsis
  • The COVID-19 pandemic spread across borders and prompted countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Uganda to analyze population movement for better disease response starting May 2020.
  • Health ministries conducted focus groups and participatory mapping to identify key areas for COVID-19 surveillance, outreach, and collaboration across borders.
  • Despite different approaches, all three countries adapted their health strategies during the pandemic, showcasing how governments tailor their responses based on local cultural and cross-border needs to enhance global health security.
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