Intensified dietetic care during and up to three months after hospital admission in older patients at risk of malnutrition, a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Inadequate protein intake is associated with poor physical functioning and suboptimal recovery in hospitalised older adults. Despite standard dietetic care, dietary protein intakes falls well below the recommended levels. To address this problem, we developed an intensified trans-sectorial dietetic intervention that targets hospitalised older adults.

Protein requirement in obesity.

Purpose Of Review: The combined obesity and ageing pandemic require action to avoid a total health system infarct. Obesity is largely challenged with caloric restriction and endurance exercise, likely to be assisted by drugs. The older adults with the highest obesity levels may face extreme loss of muscle mass and increased risk of sarcopenic obesity.

Dietary Patterns by Level of Maternal Education and Their Contribution to BMI, Fat Mass Index, and Fat-Free Mass Index at Age 5 and the Longitudinal Association with BMI at Age 10.

Background: Our aim was to identify dietary patterns by the level of maternal education that contribute to BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) in children at age 5 and to assess if these dietary patterns are related to BMI at age 10.

Methods: Per group (low/middle/high level), Reduced Rank Regression (RRR) was used to derive dietary patterns for the response variables BMI z-score, FMI, and FFMI in 1728 children at age 5 in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort. Regression analyses were then used to determine the association with BMI at age 10.

Analysis of behavioral change techniques used in exercise and nutritional interventions targeting adults around retirement age with sarcopenic obesity in a systematic review.

Background: Sarcopenic obesity significantly burdens health and autonomy. Strategies to intervene in or prevent sarcopenic obesity generally focus on losing body fat and building or maintaining muscle mass and function. For a lifestyle intervention, it is important to consider psychological aspects such as behavioral change techniques (BCTs) to elicit a long-lasting behavioral change.

The effect of a combined lifestyle intervention with and without protein drink on inflammation in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP) is one of the pathways involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, there is limited evidence for ameliorating effects of combined lifestyle interventions on CLIP in type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether a 13-week combined lifestyle intervention, using hypocaloric diet and resistance exercise plus high-intensity interval training with or without consumption of a protein drink, affected CLIP in older adults with T2D.

Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People.

Importance: Sarcopenia and obesity are 2 global concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in older people. Evidence on the population-based prevalence of the combination of sarcopenia with obesity (sarcopenic obesity [SO]) and its association with mortality are still limited.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO and their association with all-cause mortality.

Long-term effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: 1-year follow-up of the 'Plants for Joints' randomised clinical trial.

Objectives: In two randomised controlled trials, the Plants for Joints (PFJ) multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention reduced signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or metabolic syndrome-associated hip or knee osteoarthritis (MSOA) compared with usual care. The current study investigated long-term outcomes.

Methods: After completion of two 16-week trials in people with (1) RA or (2) MSOA, control groups switched to the active PFJ intervention.

The Impact of Combined Nutrition and Exercise Interventions in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Combined nutrition and exercise interventions potentially improve protein-energy wasting/malnutrition-related outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim was to systematically review the effect of combined interventions on nutritional status, muscle strength, physical performance and QoL. MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for studies up to the date of July 2023.

Malnutrition Screening Tools Are Not Sensitive Enough to Identify Older Hospital Patients with Malnutrition.

This study evaluates the concurrent validity of five malnutrition screening tools to identify older hospitalized patients against the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria as limited evidence is available. The screening tools Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment-Short Form (PG-SGA-SF) with cut-offs for both malnutrition (conservative) and moderate malnutrition or risk of malnutrition (liberal) were used. The concurrent validity was determined by the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the level of agreement by Cohen's kappa.

Minerals and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: An Updated Systematic Review.

Objective: This systematic review aims to reevaluate the role of minerals on muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults.

Design: Systematic review.

Setting And Participants: In March 2022, a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences using predefined search terms.

The impact of high versus standard enteral protein provision on functional recovery following intensive care admission (PRECISE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled, quadruple blinded, multicenter, parallel group trial in mechanically ventilated patients.

Background: Critically ill patients are subject to severe skeletal muscle wasting during intensive care unit (ICU) stay, resulting in impaired short- and long-term functional outcomes and health-related quality of life. Increased protein provision may improve functional outcomes in ICU patients by attenuating skeletal muscle breakdown. Supporting evidence is limited however and results in great variety in recommended protein targets.

A multidisciplinary lifestyle program for metabolic syndrome-associated osteoarthritis: the "Plants for Joints" randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the "Plants for Joints" multidisciplinary lifestyle program in patients with metabolic syndrome-associated osteoarthritis (MSOA).

Design: Patients with hip or knee MSOA were randomized to the intervention or control group. The intervention group followed a 16-week program in addition to usual care based on a whole food plant-based diet, physical activity, and stress management.

Effects of Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on Persons with Sarcopenic Obesity: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is an increasing phenomenon and has been linked to several negative health consequences. The aim of this umbrella review is the assessment of effectiveness and certainty of evidence of nutrition and exercise interventions in persons with SO.

Method: We searched for meta-analyses of RCTs in PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL that had been conducted in the last five years, focusing on studies on the treatment and prevention of SO.

Adherence of Older Cardiac Patients to a Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program.

Referral to home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) is low among older and frailer patients due to low expectations regarding adherence by healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to HBCR when old and frail patients are referred, and to explore any differences in baseline characteristics between adherent and nonadherent patients. Data of the Cardiac Care Bridge were used (Dutch trial register NTR6316).

Visceral obesity measured using computed tomography scans: No significant association with mortality in critically ill patients.

Introduction: The association between obesity and outcome in critical illness is unclear. Since the amount of visceral adipose tissue(VAT) rather than BMI mediates the health effects of obesity we aimed to investigate the association between visceral obesity, BMI and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients.

Method: In 555 critically ill patients (68% male), the VAT Index(VATI) was measured using Computed Tomography scans on the level of vertebra L3.

Nutrition and Exercise Interventions to Improve Body Composition for Persons with Overweight or Obesity Near Retirement Age: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The retirement phase is an opportunity to integrate healthy (nutrition/exercise) habits into daily life. We conducted this systematic review to assess which nutrition and exercise interventions most effectively improve body composition (fat/muscle mass), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in persons with obesity/overweight near retirement age (ages 55-70 y). We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials, searching 4 databases from their inception up to July 12, 2022.

Additional effects of exercise to hypocaloric diet on body weight, body composition, glycaemic control and cardio-respiratory fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the additional effect of exercise to hypocaloric diet on body weight, body composition, glycaemic control and cardio-respiratory fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Central databases were evaluated, and 11 studies were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed on body weight and measures of body composition and glycaemic control, to compare the effect of hypocaloric diet plus exercise with hypocaloric diet alone.

Effect and process evaluation of a preschool-based intervention to promote an early childhood education and care teacher-parent partnership about healthy behaviours in children: Study protocol for the cluster randomised controlled trial CO-HEALTHY.

Background: Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) teachers at urban preschools are potential key figures to promote healthy behaviours in disadvantaged young children and to engage parents in lifestyle-related topics. An ECEC teacher-parent partnership regarding healthy behaviours may support parents and stimulate their children's development. However, it is not an easy task to establish such a collaboration and ECEC teachers need tools to communicate with parents about lifestyle-related topics.

A multidisciplinary lifestyle program for rheumatoid arthritis: the 'Plants for Joints' randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of a multidisciplinary lifestyle program in patients with RA with low-moderate disease activity.

Methods: In the 'Plants for Joints' (PFJ) parallel-arm, assessor-blind randomized controlled trial, patients with RA and 28-joint DAS (DAS28) ≥2.6 and ≤5.

Nocturnal Hemodialysis Leads to Improvement in Physical Performance in Comparison with Conventional Hemodialysis.

End-stage kidney disease patients treated with conventional hemodialysis (CHD) are known to have impaired physical performance and protein-energy wasting (PEW). Nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) was shown to improve clinical outcomes, but the evidence is limited on physical performance and PEW. We investigate whether NHD improves physical performance and PEW.