Repeated high-dose inhalation allergen challenge in asthma.

Introduction: Inhalation allergen challenge in humans is used to investigate lung pathophysiology and responses to novel therapies. However, the single high-dose allergen challenges that are commonly performed do not mimic repeated symptomatic environmental allergen exposure.

Objectives: To develop and evaluate the safety of a repeated high-dose symptomatic inhalation allergen challenge model.

Safety and tolerability profiles of intranasal antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Intranasal corticosteroids and intranasal antihistamines are efficacious topical therapies in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. This review addresses their relative roles in the management of this disease, focusing on their safety and tolerability profiles. The intranasal route of administration delivers drug directly to the target organ, thereby minimising the potential for the systemic adverse effects that may be evident with oral therapy.