Evaluating the design and implementation of Kazakhstan's workfare program.

Workfare programs (WPs) in low- and middle-income countries have become a primary instrument to fight poverty associated with temporary economic shocks or to create a pathway out of chronic poverty. In this paper, we examine the design and implementation of a WP in Kazakhstan. We do so by executing a cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) and performing a case study analysis which investigates how the implementation process unfolded and what factors shaped it most.

Cost- Effectiveness of Mammography Screening Program in a Resource-Limited Post-Soviet Country of Kazakhstan.

Objectives: To conduct cost effectiveness and benefit-cost analyses of the organized mammography-screening program in the Republic of Kazakhstan comparing women who developed breast cancer in screened and unscreened scenario.

Methods: 389,352 screened women were included in the study. Among these, 895 women were further diagnosed with breast cancer.

Antenatal provision of additional information about the role of students in the labour suite and their subsequent involvement in care: a randomised controlled trial.

To determine whether the antenatal provision of additional information to pregnant women about the roles of medical and midwifery students in the labour suite increases their actual and theoretical involvement in care during labour, 624 pregnant women booked for delivery at Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee were randomised at 34 weeks gestation to receive either a specifically produced information leaflet through the post on the roles of medical and midwifery students in the labour suite, or no additional information. Post delivery and following discharge, women were asked to complete a questionnaire about people who were involved in their care during labour. There were no significant differences in a women's willingness (actual or theoretical) to have medical or midwifery students involved in their care between women who received additional information and those who did not.