Risky Alcohol Use and Comorbidity in a Swedish Adolescent Emergency Psychiatric Inpatient Population.

Introduction: Underage drinking is associated with poor mental health. Early detection for risky alcohol use is recommended, although less implemented in adolescent care. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of risky alcohol use and psychiatric comorbidity.

Twelve months of exercise training did not halt abdominal aortic calcification in patients with CKD - a sub-study of RENEXC-a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Arteriosclerosis is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aims were to investigate (1) the effects of 12 months of either balance- or strength- both in combination with endurance training on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC); on some lipids and calcific- and inflammatory markers; and (2) the relationships between the change in AAC score and these markers in non-dialysis dependent patients with CKD stages 3 to 5.

Methods: One hundred twelve patients (mean age 67 ± 13 years), who completed 12 months of exercise training; comprising either balance- or strength training, both in combination with endurance training; with a measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) 22.

Erectile Dysfunction and Absorbed Dose to Penile Base Structures in a Randomized Trial Comparing Ultrahypofractionated and Conventionally Fractionated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: To study the relationships between absorbed dose to penile base structures and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients treated with ultrahypofractionated (UHF) radiation therapy (RT) or conventionally fractionated (CF) RT for prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: This dose-response study comprises 673 patients (57%) of the 1180 per-protocol patients included in the HYPO-RT-PC trial (median follow-up 5, years), where patients were randomized to CF (39 × 2.0 Gy, 8 weeks) or UHF (7 × 6.

Muscle mass and plasma myostatin after exercise training: a substudy of Renal Exercise (RENEXC)-a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Sarcopenia increases as renal function declines and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth. Its expression in response to exercise is unclear.

Swedish national survey on MR safety compared with CT: a false sense of security?

Objectives: The objectives were to survey MR safety incidents in Sweden during a 12-month period, to assess severity scores, and to evaluate the confidence of MR personnel in incident-reporting mechanisms.

Method: Data were collected within a web-based questionnaire on safety in clinical MR environments with CT for comparison. Data reported MR and CT safety incidents (human injury, material damage, and close calls), incident severity, and confidence of participants in incident-reporting systems.

Cancer Risk in Collagenous Colitis.

Data on malignancy in patients with collagenous colitis (CC) is scarce. We aimed to determine the incidence of cancers in patients with CC. In a two-stages, observational study, data on cancers in patients diagnosed with CC during 2000-2015, were collected from two cohorts.

Malignancies in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Objective: Patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) exhibit higher rates of malignancy than the general population. We assessed whether the cancer risk is increased in a well-characterized population-based cohort of AAV in southern Sweden, followed for a median time of 8 years.

Methods: With case record review, the outcomes and malignancy development in a cohort of 195 patients with AAV [granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic GPA] diagnosed between 1997 and 2010 were assessed.

Comparing Arterial- and Venous-Phase Acquisition for Optimization of Virtual Noncontrast Images From Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Angiography.

Background: Follow-up with computed tomographic angiography is recommended after endovascular aneurysm repair, exposing patients to significant levels of radiation and iodine contrast medium. Dual-energy computed tomography allows virtual noncontrast (VNC) images to be reconstructed from contrast-enhanced images using a software algorithm. If the VNC images are a good-enough approximation of true noncontrast (TNC) images, a reduction in radiation dose can be ensured through omitting a TNC scan.

Human Leukocyte Antigen-Based Risk Stratification in Heart Transplant Recipients-Implications for Targeted Surveillance.

Background Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching isn't routinely performed in heart transplantation. Novel allograft perfusion methods may make HLA matching feasible. The purpose of this study is to reexamine whether HLA mismatch may be used in risk stratification to improve outcomes in heart transplantation.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise in CKD-The RENEXC Study.

Introduction: Home-based, clinically feasible trials in non-dialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are sparse. We compared the effects of 2 different exercise training programs on physical performance, and measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) and albuminuria level in patients with CKD stages 3 to 5.

Methods: This is a single-center, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comprising 151 patients (mGFR: 22 ± 8 ml/min per 1.

Short-term effects experienced during examinations in an actively shielded 7 T MR.

The objective of this study was to evaluate occurrence and strength of short-term effects experienced by study participants in an actively shielded (AS) 7 tesla (7 T) magnetic resonance (MR) scanner, to compare results with earlier reports on passively shielded (PS) 7 T MR scanners, and to outline possible healthcare strategies to improve patient compliance. Study participants (n = 124) completed a web-based questionnaire directly after being examined in an AS 7 T MR (n = 154 examinations). Most frequently experienced short-term effects were dizziness (84%) and inconsistent movement (70%), especially while moving into or out of the magnet.

Comparing effects of 4 months of two self-administered exercise training programs on physical performance in patients with chronic kidney disease: RENEXC - A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Exercise training is recommended to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the level of evidence is still low. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared two different and self-administered exercise training programs in a representative CKD population.

Renal relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis: unpredictable, but predictive of renal outcome.

Objectives: To determine predictors of renal relapse and end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Methods: Data from four European Vasculitis Society randomized controlled trials, conducted roughly simultaneously between 15 March 1995 and 30 September 2002, was pooled to determine predictors of long-term renal outcome. The respective trial inclusion criteria covered the entire spectrum of disease severity.

Dietary intervention with an Okinawan-based Nordic diet in type 2 diabetes renders decreased interleukin-18 concentrations and increased neurofilament light concentrations in plasma.

Food may induce inflammation and favor development of metabolic diseases, which have been associated with increased inflammation and potential risk of cognitive impairment. It is customary to know whether food or disease promote inflammation. Our hypothesis was that Okinawan-based Nordic (O-BN) diet leads to decreased circulating concentrations of inflammatory and neural biomarkers.

Time-dependent prognostic effects of recipient and donor age in adult heart transplantation.

Background: Recipient age and donor age are well-known prognostic factors in adult heart transplantation. However, the association between donor age and recipient age and their interaction and short- and long-term mortality is unknown.

Methods: We studied 64,354 heart transplants to adult recipients between 1988 and 2013 in the ISHLT Registry.

Relationships between abdominal aortic calcification, glomerular filtration rate, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease .

Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that AAC is associated with a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as well as with some other cardiovascular risk factors.

Materials And Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled clinical trial (RENEXC).

Reliability of virtual non-contrast computed tomography angiography: comparing it with the real deal.

Background: Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) may require a non-contrast enhanced dataset for the diagnostic workup. By using dual-energy acquisition, it is possible to obtain a virtual non-contrast-enhanced (VNC) dataset, thereby possibly eliminating the non-contrast acquisition and reducing the radiation dose.

Purpose: To compare image quality of VNC images reconstructed from arterial phase dual-energy CTA to true non-contrast (TNC) images, and to assess whether VNC images were of sufficient quality to replace TNC images.

Comparison of DEXA and Bioimpedance for Body Composition Measurements in Nondialysis Patients With CKD.

Objectives: The aims of this study are (1) to compare dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioimpedance for body composition measurements in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease, and (2) to investigate factors associated with any measurement differences.

Design And Methods: This is a substudy using some baseline data from a randomized controlled clinical trial. One hundred twenty patients (aged 65 ± 14 years) with a measured glomerular filtration rate 8 to 55 mL/min/1.

An early post-operative ACTH suppression test can safely predict short- and long-term remission after surgery of Cushing's disease.

Purpose: The present study evaluates the usefulness of an ACTH suppression test shortly after surgery, and to determine optimal cut-off values of included laboratory analyses, in predicting short- and long-term remission after surgery of Cushing's disease.

Methods: A 48 h suppression test with betamethasone 2 mg/day applied after 45 transphenoidal adenomectomies in 28 patients was evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-curves were created for the included assays: plasma cortisol, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and urinary free cortisol (UFC).

Determinants for local tumour control probability after radiotherapy of anal cancer.

Background And Purpose: Anal squamous cell carcinoma is primarily treated with radiotherapy (RT), but the optimal RT dose for anal tumours of different sizes is not known. The purpose of this study was to identify determinants for local tumour control probability (LTCP).

Material And Methods: From a large Nordic database 901 patients who received RT for anal cancer between 2000 and 2007 were selected.

Alignments of endocrine, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes after intervention with an Okinawa-based Nordic diet.

Background: An Okinawa-based Nordic diet with moderately low carbohydrate content and high fat and protein content has been shown to improve anthropometry and metabolism in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to measure plasma or serum levels of hormones regulating energy metabolism and metabolic control, that is, cholecystokinin (CCK), Cortisol, C-peptide, ghrelin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), insulin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), polypeptide YY (PYY), resistin, and visfatin after this diet intervention, and to determine partial correlations between hormonal levels and anthropometric and metabolic responses.

Design: A total of 30 patients (17 women) with type 2 diabetes, mean age 57.

Improving prediction of heart transplantation outcome using deep learning techniques.

The primary objective of this study is to compare the accuracy of two risk models, International Heart Transplantation Survival Algorithm (IHTSA), developed using deep learning technique, and Index for Mortality Prediction After Cardiac Transplantation (IMPACT), to predict survival after heart transplantation. Data from adult heart transplanted patients between January 1997 to December 2011 were collected from the UNOS registry. The study included 27,860 heart transplantations, corresponding to 27,705 patients.

Anthropometric and metabolic improvements in human type 2 diabetes after introduction of an Okinawan-based Nordic diet are not associated with changes in microbial diversity or SCFA concentrations.

The Okinawan-based Nordic (O-BN) diet improves anthropometry and metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The aim of this study was to study mechanisms behind improvements by examining Enterobacteriaceae abundance, microbial diversity, and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). A secondary aim was exploring if metformin treatment affects microbiota or SCFAs.

Prevalence and treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among older adults with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population.

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of death in the world. People with intellectual disability (ID) have been reported to have high rates of both these disorders. The aim of this study was to describe and compare prevalence ratios of diabetes mellitus and hypertension between older adults with ID and their age peers in the general population, and to describe and compare treatment patterns in these two groups.