The impact of living conditions and health interventions on tuberculosis, Denmark, 1876 to 2022.

BackgroundDenmark possesses an exceptional historical data collection on tuberculosis (TB) from 1876 to the present, providing a unique opportunity to assess TB epidemiology over 147 years in Denmark.AimOur aim was to describe the TB disease burden in Denmark in relation to historical events, living conditions and health interventions during the past 147 years.MethodsWe performed a nationwide register-based ecological study including all persons with TB in Denmark from 1876 through 2022, correlating the TB incidence to social, economic and health indicators.

Pertussis epidemic in Denmark, August 2023 to February 2024.

We report a record high pertussis epidemic in Denmark since August 2023. Highest incidence was in adolescents, while peak incidence in infants was lower vs previous epidemics in 2019 and 2016. Among infants aged 0-2 months, over half (29/48) were hospitalised and one infant died, underlining the disease severity in the youngest.

[Not Available].

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral tick-borne infection occurring in many parts of Europe and Asia as described in this review. Increasing TBE case numbers have been reported over recent decades. In Denmark the infection is rare (1-14 annual cases).

Increase in invasive group A streptococcal infections and emergence of novel, rapidly expanding sub-lineage of the virulent M1 clone, Denmark, 2023.

A highly virulent sub-lineage of the M1 clone has been rapidly expanding throughout Denmark since late 2022 and now accounts for 30% of the new invasive group A streptococcal infections. We aimed to investigate whether a shift in variant composition can account for the high incidence rates observed over winter 2022/23, or if these are better explained by the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on population immunity and carriage of group A .

Mortality, risk factors, and causes of death among people with tuberculosis in Denmark, 1990-2018.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze mortality, risk factors, and causes of death among people with tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: This is a population-based cohort study with patients with TB ≥18 years notified from 1990 to 2018 in Denmark, compared with sex- and age-matched controls. Mortality was assessed in Kaplan-Meier models and risk factors for death were estimated in Cox proportional hazards models.

Validity and reliability of the Rosacea Area and Severity Index: A novel scoring system for clinical assessment of rosacea severity.

Background: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory facial skin disorder. Standardized evaluation of the severity and extent of rosacea is important for baseline assessment and treatment effect. The currently used Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) is unspecific and fails to consider subtypes/phenotypes of rosacea and area involvement.

Social determinants of tuberculosis: a nationwide case-control study, Denmark, 1990-2018.

Background: The global vision is a world free of tuberculosis (TB). Even in resource-rich TB low-incidence settings, we need more focus on the role of social risk factors to end the TB epidemic.

Methods: Nationwide, retrospective register-based, case-control study from 1990 to 2018, including all TB patients in Denmark ≥18 years old (n = 9581) matched 1:3 on sex and age with population controls.

Immunisation of healthcare workers in the Nordic countries: Variation in recommendations and practices and a lack of assessment.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of both exposure and transmission of infectious disease. Two European Union (EU) directives state that health services are responsible for assessing their employees' potential exposure to infectious diseases and offering immunisation free of charge. We assessed current policy for immunisation of HCWs and the availability of vaccine coverage data in the Nordic countries by surveying national vaccination experts in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Swedish county medical officers (CMOs).

Clinical features of tuberculous lymphadenitis in a low-incidence country.

Background: Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLA) is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) in Denmark. However, the clinical features of patients with TBLA have never been systematically studied in this setting.

Methods: Patients treated for TBLA in Central Region Denmark from 2007 to 2016 were identified using the national TB surveillance register and The Danish Hospital Patient Registry.

Characteristics and predictors for tuberculosis related mortality in Denmark from 2009 through 2014: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Mortality from tuberculosis (TB) has been declining since 2000, nevertheless there is still a significant number of patients who die before or during TB treatment. The aims were to examine and describe predictors associated with TB related mortality.

Methods: Patients notified with TB from 2009 though 2014 in Denmark were included.

Long-term risk of tuberculosis among migrants according to migrant status: a cohort study.

Background: The majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence countries occur in migrants. Only few studies have assessed the long-term TB risk in migrants after immigration, and datasets have not considered this across a range of diverse migrant groups. This nationwide study aimed to investigate long-term TB risk among migrants according to migrant status and region of origin.

Completeness of tuberculosis (TB) notification: inventory studies and capture-recapture analyses, six European Union countries, 2014 to 2016.

BackgroundProgress towards the World Health Organization's End TB Strategy is monitored by assessing tuberculosis (TB) incidence, often derived from TB notification, assuming complete case detection and reporting. This assumption is unlikely to hold in many settings, including European Union (EU) countries.AimWe aimed to assess observed and estimated completeness of TB notification through inventory studies and capture-recapture (CRC) methodology in six EU countries: Croatia, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Portugal Slovenia.

[Tuberculosis among children and adolescents].

Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in children and adolescents pose a diagnostic challenge due to sparse symptoms and clinical signs. Children are at a much higher risk than adults of progression to severe disease. In this review, the presentation and management of childhood TB is described.

Review of tuberculosis treatment outcome reporting system in Denmark, a retrospective study cohort study from 2009 through 2014.

Background: In Denmark, reporting of tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome is voluntary and data incomplete. In the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control most recent report presenting data from 2017, only 53.9% of Danish pulmonary TB cases had a reported outcome.

Two measles clusters in connection with short inner-European air travels indicating impediments to effective measles control: A cluster analysis.

Importation and transmission of measles via air travel is a public health concern to countries, which are close to or have achieved elimination, i.e., to the majority of countries in Europe.

Underreporting of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in the Region of Southern Denmark.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a notifiable disease in Denmark. Underreporting leads to underestimation of the disease burden and may impede disease control. To date, no other published studies have examined underreporting of TB in the Danish setting.

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Denmark From 2009 to 2014; Characteristics and Predictors for Treatment Outcome.

Background: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) represents an increasing percentage of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Europe. However, strategies on TB prevention and successful treatment outcomes primarily target pulmonary TB. In this nationwide study, we present characteristics of EPTB, treatment outcomes, and predictors for unfavorable treatment outcomes.

Predictors for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome in Denmark 2009-2014.

Monitoring of tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome is essential to ensure an effective TB control program. In this nationwide retrospective cohort study from Denmark we present TB treatment outcome rates and risk factors associated with an unfavourable outcome. All patients notified with pulmonary TB from 2009 through 2014 were included.

Epidemiology of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Denmark: A nationwide register-based study.

Background: Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLA) is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB), often claimed to be reactivation. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of TBLA in Denmark, as it has not previously been investigated specifically although extrapulmonary TB has been associated with an increased long-term mortality and delays in the diagnosis.

Methods: Register-based study of all patients notified with TBLA in Denmark from 2007 through 2016 utilizing six different nationwide registers.

Think central nervous system tuberculosis, also in low-risk children: a Danish nationwide survey.

Background: Paediatric central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (TB) imposes a high risk of death and neurologic sequelae, particularly if the diagnosis is delayed. Children from non-TB endemic countries are particularly at risk of delayed or missed diagnosis. We aimed to investigate CNS TB in Denmark, a TB low-endemic country and where Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is not a part of the vaccination schedule.

Tuberculosis Transmission in Danish Children: A Nationwide Register-based Study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health issue among children worldwide. Data on TB transmission in children living in low-incidence countries is limited.

Methods: We studied TB transmission in ethnic Danish children younger than 15 years of age between 2000 and 2013.