Stakeholder Perspectives on an Inpatient Hypoglycemia Informatics Alert: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is a common occurrence among hospitalized patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Clinical decision support systems can be used to reduce the incidence of this potentially avoidable adverse event.

Objective: This study aims to determine the desired features and functionality of a real-time informatics alert to prevent iatrogenic hypoglycemia in a hospital setting.

Plastic modification of human cornea : applications to clinical refractive procedures.

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to quantify how pressure applied to the human cornea, either physiological or intentional, affects its curvature. In particular, how pneumatic procedures flatten the central cornea and keep it flat over time, thereby decreasing the patient's myopia.

Methods: A viscoelastic model is developed for plastic deformation which gives us the basic governing equations of the elastic and plastic strain of corneal stroma.

Evaluation of a Training Program to Improve Organizational Capacity for Health Systems Analytics.

Objective: The Leadership in Analytics and Data Science (LEADS) course was evaluated for effectiveness. LEADS was a 6-month program for working biomedical and health informatics (BMHI) professionals designed to improve analytics skills, knowledge of enterprise applications, data stewardship, and to foster an analytics community of practice through lectures, hands-on skill building workshops, networking events, and small group projects.

Methods: The effectiveness of the LEADS course was evaluated using the Kirkpatrick Model by assessing pre- and postcourse knowledge, analytics capabilities, goals, practice, class lecture reaction, and change in the size of participant professional networks.

Delayed diagnosis of splenic injuries: A case series.

Introduction: Injury of the spleen may result in significant morbidity and mortality, often related to blood loss. Splenic injuries may be missed on the initial Emergency Department (ED) presentation. This study was undertaken to describe cases of delayed diagnosis, and to identify factors associated with delayed diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Development and Implementation of a Subcutaneous Insulin Clinical Decision Support Tool for Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Insulin is one of the highest risk medications used in hospitalized patients. Multiple complex factors must be considered in determining a safe and effective insulin regimen. We sought to develop a computerized clinical decision support (CDS) tool to assist hospital-based clinicians in insulin management.

Advanced myopia, prevalence and incidence analysis.

Purpose: Various high-percentage high-incidence medical conditions, acute or chronic, start at a particular age of onset t1 (years), accumulate or progress rapidly, with a system time constant t0 (years), typically from 1 week to 5 years, and then level off at a plateau level [Formula: see text], ultimately affecting 10-95% of the population. This report investigates the prevalence and incidence functions for myopia and high myopia as a function of age.

Methods: Fundamental prevalence versus time and incidence versus time results allow continuous prediction of myopia and high myopia population fractions as a function of age.

REVIEW. +2 to +3 D. Reading Glasses to Prevent Myopia.

Basic control theory equations are developed showing classical exponential system response of refraction vs. time R(t), with a characteristic system time constant, in response to a negative (-) step change of near work environmental conditions. Statistical analysis of retrospective data from 226 subjects is presented.

Juvenile Myopia. Predicting the Progression Rate.

Regression plots are generated showing the strong correlation of myopia onset age with its progression rate, r = -0.77, p<0.0025, and strong correlation of accumulated myopia 5 years after onset, r = -0.

Refraction data survey: 2nd generation correlation of myopia.

The objective herein is to provide refraction data, myopia progression rate, prevalence, and 1st and 2nd generation correlations, relevant to whether myopia is random or inherited. First- and second-generation ocular refraction data are assembled from N = 34 families, average of 2.8 children per family.

Mathematical Models of College Myopia.

Experimental design phase of a pilot study at Annapolis is described, using reading glasses, +1.5 D. to +3.

Progressive Myopia and Lid Suture Myopia are Explained by the Same Feedback Process: a Mathematical Model of Myopia.

Objective: Progressive myopia in humans and lid-sutured myopia in primates have been considered to be different processes. This report seeks to establish the connection between progressive myopia in humans and lid suture myopia in macaque monkeys.

Methods: We followed the axial length of 4 lid-sutured macaque monkeys over an 18 month period.

Exponential prevalence and incidence equations for myopia.

Background: This project relates prevalence-time data, incidence rate data, age of onset, system plateau level and system time constant, using exponential equations, as they apply to progressive myopia, useful over several decades.

Methods: Cross-sectional refractive data is analysed for nine studies with a total number of subjects at 444.6 K (345, 981, 7.

Surgical advances in bladder cancer: at what cost?

Bladder cancer is the most expensive cancer to treat from diagnosis to death. Frequent disease recurrence, intense follow-up, and expensive, invasive techniques for diagnosis and treatment drive these costs for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Fluorescence cystoscopy increases the detection of superficial bladder cancer and reduces costs by improving the quality of resection and reducing recurrences.

Concentration and chemical-state profiles at heterogeneous interfaces with sub-nm accuracy from standing-wave ambient-pressure photoemission.

Heterogeneous processes at solid/gas, liquid/gas and solid/liquid interfaces are ubiquitous in modern devices and technologies but often difficult to study quantitatively. Full characterization requires measuring the depth profiles of chemical composition and state with enhanced sensitivity to narrow interfacial regions of a few to several nm in extent over those originating from the bulk phases on either side of the interface. We show for a model system of NaOH and CsOH in an ~1-nm thick hydrated layer on α-Fe2O3 (haematite) that combining ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and standing-wave photoemission spectroscopy provides the spatial arrangement of the bulk and interface chemical species, as well as local potential energy variations, along the direction perpendicular to the interface with sub-nm accuracy.

In-situ observation of equilibrium transitions in Ni films; agglomeration and impurity effects.

Dewetting of ultra-thin Ni films deposited on SiO2 layers was observed, in cross-section, by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy. Holes were observed to nucleate by voids which formed at the Ni/SiO2 interface rather than at triple junctions at the free surface of the Ni film. Ni islands were observed to retract, in attempt to reach equilibrium on the SiO2 layer.

Comparison of optics and performance of a distal sensor high definition cystoscope, a distal sensor standard definition cystoscope, and a fiberoptic cystoscope.

Objective: To evaluate performance characteristics and optics of a new generation high-definition distal sensor (HD-DS) flexible cystoscope, a standard-definition distal sensor (SD-DS) cystoscope, and a standard fiberoptic (FO) cystoscope.

Methods: Three new cystoscopes (HD-DS, SD-DS, and FO) were compared for active deflection, irrigation flow, and optical characteristics. Each cystoscope was evaluated with an empty working channel and with various accessories.

Medical education in an electronic health record-mediated world.

This paper reflects on the extent to which we are preparing learners for practice in an electronic health record (EHR)-mediated world. We are currently training the last generation to remember a world without the Internet and the first who will practice in a largely EHR-mediated practice environment. We undertook a thematic review of the literature connecting medical education with e-health using the concepts of 'electronic health record' or 'electronic medical record' as a proxy for the broader notion of e-health.

Virtual patients come of age.

On-screen simulations of clinical settings have been used for educational purposes since the 1970s. Despite this, it is only now that these 'virtual patients' are increasingly forming a part of the medical education mainstream. Enabling factors for these changes include a requirement for more assured clinical encounters, changes in patient availability (in particular, in tertiary contexts), diminishing technical and cost barriers and ongoing changes in educational practices as a whole.

An XML standard for virtual patients: exchanging case-based simulations in medical education.

Virtual Patients are computer-based simulations of a clinical encounter where the user plays the role of a healthcare provider while receiving in-context instruction. This unique pedagogical approach enables active case-based learning for learners. Academic institutions around the world have developed high-quality virtual patients using many different authoring and playback technologies.

The MERG Suite: Tools for discovering competencies and associated learning resources.

Background: As the demands for competency-based education grow, the need for standards-based tools to allow for publishing and discovery of competency-based learning content is more pressing. This project focused on developing federated discovery services for competency-based medical e-learning content.

Methods: We built a tool suite for authoring and discovery of medical e-learning metadata.

Sharing innovation: the case for technology standards in health professions education.

Information technologies have provided fertile ground for innovation in healthcare education, but too often these innovations have been limited in scope and impact. One way of addressing these limitations is the development of common and open technology standards to scale innovation across organizational boundaries. Research on the diffusion of standards indicates that environmental forces, such as regulatory changes, top-down management support, and feasibility are key determinants of standards adoption.