Course of the extensor pollicis longus tendon considering the different functional positions of the wrist and the first ray-an anatomical study.

Background: The aim of this anatomical study was to evaluate the course of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon, its positional relationship to adjacent structures, and the resulting clinical relevance under consideration of various functional positions.

Materials And Methods: Twenty upper extremities from ten adult human cadavers embalmed using Thiel's method were included in this study. The greatest possible movement/slippage of the EPL tendon, the angle at which the tendon wraps around Lister's tubercle, and its course across the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (ECRL and ECRB) were recorded and defined in all functional positions.

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided versus open cut-down access to femoral vessels for the placement of a REBOA catheter.

Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) may be useful in treating exsanguinating trauma patients. This study seeks to compare rates of success, complications and time required for vascular access between ultrasound-guidance and surgical cut-down for femoral sheath insertion as a prospective observational case control study. Participating clinicians from either trauma surgery or anesthesiology were allocated to surgical cut-down or percutaneous ultrasound-guided puncture on a 1:1 ratio.

Emergency approach to the femoral artery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability and potentially associated harms of emergency access to the femoral artery and vein in a sample of physicians working together in the emergency department of a level I trauma center. In addition, to investigate whether there are differences between participants in terms of different levels of training.

Methods: A sample of 36 orthopedic trauma and anesthesiology assistant doctors, specialists, and senior physician was recruited from the emergency room management at a level I trauma center in Graz, Austria.

Proportional localisation of the entry point of the coracobrachialis muscle by the musculocutaneous nerve along the humerus.

Purpose: To project the distance between the tip of the greater tubercle (GT), respectively, the proximal border of the tip of the coracoid process (CP) and the entry point of the coracobrachialis by the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) proportionally onto the humeral length.

Methods: Sixty-six upper extremities were included in the study. The distance between the tip of the GT and the distal tip of the lateral humeral epicondyle (LE) was evaluated as the humeral length (HL).

Dorsal minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the humerus: Feasibility and risk of nervous injury of a modified technique in an anatomical study.

Background: The aim of the study was to design a convenient technique for dorsal minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of extra-articular fractures of both distal thirds of the humeral shaft as well as to characterise the course and proximity of the radial nerve (RN) and the axillary nerve (AN).

Methods: The collective consisted of 20 upper extremities of human adult body donors. A 3.

Anatomical Topographical Investigation of the Medial Branch of the Dorsal Thoracic Branch of the Spinal Nerve in the Segments T10-T12.

Introduction: The zygapophyseal joints represent one possible cause for back pain. Therefore, many interventions are targeting the denervation of the facet joints. The aim of this study is to describe the course of the medial branch of the dorsal branch of the spinal nerve and its articular branches to the zygapophyseal joints in the segments T10-T12.

Anatomic-Topographic Investigation of the Branches of the Dorsal Ramus of Thoracic Spinal Nerves.

Introduction: Percutaneous radiofrequency facet denervation (PRFD) by thermocoagulation is a useful treatment for nonspecific thoracic pain syndrome. To guarantee that maximal thermal lesion is applied to the nerve, it is essential to have precise knowledge of the topography of the thoracic dorsal branches of the spinal nerves. This special anatomy was investigated, and the results were compared with the existing technique for PRFD, where the active needle tip is placed in the junction of the superior articular process and the transverse process.

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the humeral shaft with regard to adjacent anatomical characteristics.

The study goal was to evaluate the distances from the radial (RN), the musculocutaneous (MN) and axillary nerves (AN) and the medial neurovascular bundle of the upper arm to a minimally invasive applied plate and to define its relation to the RN during different degrees of malrotation during MIPO. The sample involved ten upper extremities. Application of a PHILOS plate was performed through a Delta-split.

Evaluation of a New Virtual Reality Concept Teaching K-Wire Drilling With Force Feedback Simulated Haptic in Orthopedic Skills Training.

Purpose: Surgical simulations are becoming increasingly relevant in musculoskeletal training. They provide the opportunity to develop surgical skills in a controlled environment while reducing the risks for patients. For K-wire internal fixation in musculoskeletal surgery, a force feedback virtual reality (VR) simulator was developed.

Relation of the lumbosacral trunk to the sacro-iliac joint.

This study aims to evaluate the relation between the lumbosacral trunk (LT) and the sacro-iliac joint (SIJ). In forty anatomic specimens (hemipelves) a classical antero-lateral approach to the SIJ was performed. The SIJ was marked at the linea terminalis (reference point A).

Danger zone - The spermatic cord during anterior plating of the symphysis pubis.

Background: Distances between anatomic landmarks and anatomic structures at risk are often underestimated by surgeons.

Purpose: The goal of the study was to evaluate the distances between anatomic landmarks and the spermatic cord in case of anterior plating of the symphysis.

Methods: A total of 25 pelves (50 hemipelves) of male embalmed cadavers were dissected.

Definition of a Risk Zone for the Axillary Nerve Based on Superficial Landmarks.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the axillary nerve's location along superficial anatomical landmarks, and to define a convenient risk zone.

Methods: A total of 123 upper extremities were evaluated. After dissection of the axillary nerve, the vertical distance between the upper border of the anterolateral edge of the acromion and the proximal border of the nerve was measured.

An anatomical study of transpedicular vs. extrapedicular approach for kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in the thoracic spine.

Introduction: Percutaneous vertebral augmentation is a common therapeutic approach for osteoporotic or osteolytic vertebral fractures. Due to the variable pedicle anatomy two different approaches, the transpedicular and the extrapedicular approach have been established. In particular, in the middle and upper thoracic spine, percutaneous procedures are challenging because of difficult visualisation of anatomical landmarks and a more unfavourable anatomy with smaller and differently orientated pedicles.

Dual-incision minimally invasive fasciotomy of the anterior and peroneal compartments for chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the lower leg.

To evaluate the risk of iatrogenic injury when using a dual-incision minimally invasive technique to decompress the anterior and peroneal compartments of the lower leg. Forty lower extremities from 20 adult cadavers, embalmed with Thiel's method, were subject to fasciotomy of the anterior and peroneal compartment using a dual-incision minimally invasive fasciotomy. The first incision was made 12 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus to identify and protect the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN).

Screw placement in two different implants for proximal humeral fractures regarding regional differences in bone mineral density: An anatomical study.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate proximal humerus plating regarding drill depth and over penetration of the glenohumeral joint and to find a relation between these findings and different areas of bone mineral density (BMD) in the humeral head.

Material & Methods: The study sample involved 45 upper extremities from human adult cadavers. Two different plates (HOFER; PHILOS) were applied to the proximal humerus.

Minimally Invasive Lower Leg Fasciotomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome-How Safe Is It? A Cadaveric Study.

Background: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a recognized clinical diagnosis in running athletes and military recruits. Minimally invasive fasciotomy techniques have become increasingly popular, but with varied results and small case numbers. Although decompression of the anterior and peroneal compartments has demonstrated a low rate of iatrogenic injury, little is known about the safety of decompressing the deep posterior compartment.

Morphology of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve with Regard to Entrapment Syndrome.

Background: Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) entrapment syndrome is a rare condition and is predisposed by anatomical factors such as narrow passages through fibrous arcades; whereas, the Arcade of Frohse (AF) is the most common entrapment point. The aim of this study was to evaluate the entrance and exit points of the PIN into the supinator in detail.

Materials And Methods: One hundred unpaired upper extremities underwent dissection.

The articular branch of the peroneal nerve to the proximal tibiofibular joint descends at a mean height of approximately 18 mm distal to the postero-lateral tip of the fibular head.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomical details of the articular branch of the peroneal nerve to the proximal tibiofibular joint and to project the height of its descent in relation to the fibular length.

Methods: Twenty-five lower extremities were included in the study. Following identification of the common peroneal nerve, its course was traced to its division into the deep and superficial peroneal nerve.

Evaluation of screw placement in proximal humerus fractures regarding drilling manoeuvre and surgeon's experience.

Introduction: Following proximal humeral plate osteosynthesis, mechanical complication rates ranging up to 40% have been reported. The study aims to determine the influence of surgeons' experience and the technique of drilling on the complication rate.

Materials And Methods: The sample involved 45 cadaveric humeri.

Axillary nerve elongation in humeral fracture plating: A cadaveric study for comparison between straight and helical Philos plates.

Unlabelled: Helical plating is a known concept in humeral fracture treatment. Attention should be paid to the axillary nerve when inserting a plate underneath the deltoid muscle. The purpose of this cadaveric study was to estimate axillary nerve stretching when introducing the plate.

The Important Relationship Between the Radial Artery's Course and the Radius during Henry's Anterior Forearm Surgical Exposure.

The aim of this study was to investigate the intersection point of the radial artery (RA) with Henry's approach. Ninety forearms from adult human cadavers which had been embalmed using Thiel's method underwent dissection. Henry's approach was performed alongside the whole length of the forearm, and the RAs course was investigated.

Success Rate in Puncture of the Temporomandibular Joint.

Puncture of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a minimally invasive treatment for various jaw disorders. This study used a cadaveric model to evaluate the procedure from two entrance points with respect to hit ratio and possible complications, such as extraarticular extrusion of injection fluid. Ten heads, embalmed with Thiel's method, were investigated.

Correlation Analysis of the Anterolateral Ligament Length with the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Length and Patient's Height: An Anatomical Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of the anterolateral ligament of the knee (ALL) with the focus on potential gender differences. The ALL length and the length of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) were taken in extension. The length of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was measured at 120° flexion.

[Extensive emphysema after intramedullary nailing of a pertrochanteric fracture : Life-threatening infection or benign complication].

The development of emphysema after intramedullary nailing can represent an easily manageable complication but in the differential diagnostics it could, however, be a life-threatening infection with Clostridium perfringens. This is a report about the case of an extensive subcutaneous and retroperitoneal emphysema, which developed after intramedullary nailing of a pertrochanteric femoral fracture and where such an infection was suspected.

Safe zone for the posterior interosseous nerve with regard to the lateral and posterior approaches to the proximal radius.

Purpose: The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) is at risk during the posterior and lateral approaches to the proximal radius. We aimed to define a safe zone for these approaches to avoid injury of the PIN and to evaluate their close and changing relationship to the nerve during forearm rotation.

Methods: The study collective consisted of 50 upper limbs.