Desire for Gender-Affirming Medical Care Before Age 18 in Transgender and Nonbinary Young Adults.

We aimed to understand transgender and nonbinary (TNB) young adults' desire to receive gender-affirming medical care (GAMC) before age 18 and identify barriers and facilitators to receiving this care in adolescence. A cross-sectional survey was administered to TNB young adults presenting for care between ages 18 and 20 in 2023. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample, χ tests with pairwise comparisons identified differences in desire for gender-affirming medications, outness, and parental consent by gender identity and sex assigned at birth, and -tests evaluated differences in barriers and facilitators to receiving care by outness to parents.

Estimating Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth Populations in Health Systems and Survey Data.

Objectives: To identify and examine demographic variation in estimates of gender-diverse youth (GDY) populations from the PEDSnet learning health system network and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).

Methods: The PEDSnet sample included 14- to 17-years-old patients who had ≥2 encounters at a member institution before March 2022, with at least 1 encounter in the previous 18 months. The YRBS sample included pooled data from 14- to 17-year-old in-school youth from the 2017, 2019, and 2021 survey years.

Caregiver perspectives on receiving gender-affirming care with their transgender and gender diverse adolescents via telemedicine.

Telemedicine may help improve access to gender-affirming care for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents. Parents or guardians (i.e.

Demographic Differences in Gender Dysphoria Diagnosis and Access to Gender-Affirming Care Among Adolescents.

The goal of this article was to identify demographic differences in receipt of gender dysphoria (GD) diagnosis and access to gender-affirming care (GAC) among adolescents whose gender identity and/or pronouns differed from their sex assigned at birth. Data were from 2444 patients who were 13-17 years old and had a documented gender identity and/or pronouns that differed from their sex assigned at birth in the electronic health record. Adjusted logistic regression models explored associations between demographic characteristics (sex assigned at birth, gender identity, race and ethnicity, language, insurance type, rural status) and presence of GD diagnosis and having accessed GAC.

Adolescent and Caregiver Perspectives on Receiving Gender-Affirming Care in Primary Care.

Background: Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents experience barriers to receiving gender-affirming care. Delivering services in the pediatric primary care setting may help facilitate improved access. With this study, we aimed to explore TGD adolescents' and caregivers' experiences receiving primary care services and their perspectives regarding gender-affirming care delivery in pediatric primary care.

Evaluating an Electronic Consultation Platform to Support Pediatric Primary Care Providers in Caring for Transgender and Nonbinary Adolescents.

An electronic consultation (e-consult) platform was implemented to support pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) in providing gender-affirming care to transgender and nonbinary (TNB) adolescents. Following implementation, a study was conducted to (1) explore how access to this e-consult platform impacts PCP confidence and referral patterns, (2) describe the content of questions, and (3) evaluate PCP's perspectives regarding platform usability. Following each submission, providers completed a 17-item survey.

Barriers Pediatric PCP's Identify To Providing Gender-Affirming Care For Adolescents.

Purpose: Both affirming environments and access to gender-affirming medical care have a positive impact on the mental health of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth, however, many TGD youth experience barriers in accessing this care. Pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) can play an important role in expanding access to gender-affirming care for TGD youth; however, few currently provide this care. The purpose of this study was to explore pediatric PCPs' perspectives regarding barriers they experience to providing gender-affirming care in the primary care setting.

Pediatric Primary Care Providers' Perspectives on Telehealth Platforms to Support Care for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youths: Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Background: Access to gender-affirming care services for transgender and gender-diverse youths is limited, in part because this care is currently provided primarily by specialists. Telehealth platforms that enable primary care providers (PCPs) to receive education from and consult specialists may help improve the access to such services. However, little is known about PCPs' preferences regarding receiving this support.

Exploring Barriers to the Inclusion of Underrepresented Minorities in Urology: The Temporal and Financial Costs of Residency Interviews.

Objective: To investigate whether interview travel cost and time differed for urology residency applicants from medical schools with higher vs lower proportions of students from groups underrepresented in medicine (URiMs).

Methods: We identified 22 medical schools, 11 with <15% and 11 with >20% URiM students, and 17 "highly ranked" urology residency programs. We contacted the residency programs and requested interview dates, preferred lodging options, and institution-based cost-savings.