Publications by authors named "Peter Franz"

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by low levels of the Survival of Motoneuron (SMN) protein. SMN interacts with and regulates the actin-binding protein profilin2a, thereby influencing actin dynamics. Dysfunctional actin dynamics caused by SMN loss disrupts neurite outgrowth, axonal pathfinding, and formation of functional synapses in neurons.

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Though myosins share a structurally conserved motor domain, single amino acid variations of active site elements, including the P-loop, switch-1 and switch-2, which act as nucleotide sensors, can substantially determine the kinetic signature of a myosin, ., to either perform fast movement or enable long-range transport and tension generation. Switch-2 essentially contributes to the ATP hydrolysis reaction and determines product release.

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Article Synopsis
  • Tropomyosin (Tpm) is a key protein that regulates muscle contraction by binding to actin, with its structure consisting of periods that define binding sites.
  • Researchers introduced specific mutations in the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of Tpm2.2 to study their effects on muscle contraction, observing that hypercontractile mutations enhanced myosin's activity while hypocontractile mutations inhibited it.
  • Experiments showed that hypercontractile mutations facilitate faster product release from myosin, whereas hypocontractile mutations slow it down, correlating with associated muscle disease symptoms.
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Objective: Racial and ethnic disparities in exposure to COVID-19-related stressors, pandemic-related distress, and adverse mental health outcomes were assessed among health care workers in the Bronx, New York, during the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods: The authors analyzed survey data from 992 health care workers using adjusted logistic regression models to assess differential prevalence of outcomes by race/ethnicity and their interactions.

Results: Compared with their White colleagues, Latinx, Black, Asian, and multiracial/other health care workers reported significantly higher exposure to multiple COVID-19-related stressors: redeployment, fear of being sick, lack of autonomy at work, and inadequate access to personal protective equipment.

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 Age and lymph node ratio have been attributed as independent predictors for survival and recurrence in carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP).  The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of p16 overexpression for CUP in the absence of true primary (TP).  The study involved 43 patients who underwent therapeutic lymph node dissection (LND) from 2000 to 2015 after all the diagnostic work up for CUP.

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  • The study explores the role of 3',5'-cAMP, a signaling molecule not well characterized in plants, using a technique called thermal proteome profiling (TPP) to identify its protein targets.
  • Through this analysis, 51 proteins showed significant changes in thermal stability when interacting with 3',5'-cAMP, including those involved in metabolism and plant growth regulation.
  • The research indicates that 3',5'-cAMP affects the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in plants, with potential indirect mechanisms of action rather than a direct interaction with actin itself.
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  • Hospitalizations are common and expensive for people living with HIV (PLWH), with 45% experiencing at least one non-psychiatric hospitalization from 2009 to 2018.
  • Key risk factors for these hospitalizations include prior psychiatric treatment, depression, alcohol-related disorders, being female, older age, low CD4 counts, and detectable viral loads.
  • The study highlights the importance of customized interventions, like integrated treatment and case management, specifically for PLWH with mental health issues, women, and older individuals.
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Ranula, from the Latin "little frog", is a retention cyst filled with saliva in the oral cavity. Simple ranulas most commonly affect the sublingual gland and typically present as a hemispherical bluish cyst on the floor of the mouth, making it a visual diagnosis. A 7-year-old girl presented with a swelling on the underside of the tongue, an uncommon location for a ranula that made diagnostic assignment difficult.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the value of different diagnostic methods in detecting the primary site and the impact of primary tumors on the clinical outcome of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP).

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective study, 124 patients with true CUP (n = 94) and CUP turned to primary carcinoma (n = 30) were included. Patients with evidence of primary site during the clinical examination were excluded a priori.

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The actomyosin system generates mechanical work with the execution of the power stroke, an ATP-driven, two-step rotational swing of the myosin-neck that occurs post ATP hydrolysis during the transition from weakly to strongly actin-bound myosin states concomitant with P release and prior to ADP dissociation. The activating role of actin on product release and force generation is well documented; however, the communication paths associated with weak-to-strong transitions are poorly characterized. With the aid of mutant analyses based on kinetic investigations and simulations, we identified the W-helix as an important hub coupling the structural changes of switch elements during ATP hydrolysis to temporally controlled interactions with actin that are passed to the central transducer and converter.

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The motor protein myosin drives a wide range of cellular and muscular functions by generating directed movement and force, fueled through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. Release of the hydrolysis product adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a fundamental and regulatory process during force production. However, details about the molecular mechanism accompanying ADP release are scarce due to the lack of representative structures.

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Inorganic phosphate (P)-sensing is a key application in many disciplines, and biosensors emerged as powerful analytic tools for use in environmental P monitoring, food quality control, basic research, and medical diagnosis. Current sensing techniques exploit either electrochemical or optical detection approaches for P quantification. Here, by combining the advantages of a biological P-receptor based on the bacterial phosphate binding protein with the principle of thermophoresis, i.

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  • Striated muscle contraction is controlled by the movement of troponin-tropomyosin over thin filaments and relies on electrostatic interactions for relaxation.
  • * The M305L mutation in α-cardiac actin affects this regulation by decreasing actin flexibility, which leads to abnormal muscle contraction and relaxation.
  • * This research indicates that maintaining actin's flexibility is crucial for proper muscle function and regulation of force generation.
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Myosin II is the main force-generating motor during muscle contraction. Myosin II exists as different isoforms that are involved in diverse physiological functions. One outstanding question is whether the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms alone account for these distinct physiological properties.

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Profilin is a major regulator of actin dynamics in multiple specific processes localized in different cellular compartments. This specificity is not only meditated by its binding to actin but also its interaction with phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP ) at the membrane and a plethora of proteins containing poly-L-proline (PLP) stretches. These interactions are fine-tuned by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation.

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Objectives: To evaluate whether elective tracheostomy is justified after tumor resection and bilateral neck dissection (ND) and whether application of tracheostomy scoring systems is reliable for planning of postoperative airway management.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed airway management in 160 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

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In the United States over one-third of the population, including children and adolescents, are overweight or obese. Despite the prevalence of obesity, few studies have examined how food cravings and the ability to regulate them change throughout development. Here, we addressed this gap in knowledge by examining structural brain and behavioral changes associated with regulation of craving across development.

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