Antigenic structure of the human coronavirus OC43 spike reveals exposed and occluded neutralizing epitopes.

Human coronavirus OC43 is a globally circulating common cold virus sustained by recurrent reinfections. How it persists in the population and defies existing herd immunity is unknown. Here we focus on viral glycoprotein S, the target for neutralizing antibodies, and provide an in-depth analysis of its antigenic structure.

[Risk of renal dysfunction in an elderly patient with chronic heart failure].

The treatment of elderly multimorbid patients according to clinical guidelines often results in polypharmacy. An individual risk assessment is required to consider the possibility of deprescribing especially potentially inappropriate medication in the elderly. This exemplary case report describes a medication review of a patient with multiple chronic cardiovascular diseases taking into account the impact on renal function.

IBR and BVD control: the key to successful herd management.

Control of IBR and BVD should be possible in Europe. Effective vaccines and reliable tools for monitoring are available. Systematic approach and strict implementation of control measures are essential.

Diagnostic performance of the Pourquier ELISA for detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in individual milk and bulk milk samples of dairy herds.

The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic performance of the Pourquier ELISA for detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) in individual milk samples and in bulk milk samples. For individual milk samples the specificity of the Pourquier ELISA was estimated by testing a panel of individual milk samples from certified Map-free herds.

Mycobacterial 70 kD heat-shock protein is an effective subunit vaccine against bovine paratuberculosis.

Paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the small intestine of cattle and other ruminants, caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease can be found in ruminant herds worldwide, causing substantial economic losses at farm level due to premature culling and production losses.