Accumulation of HT-2 toxin from contaminated mushroom compost by edible .

Wheat straw is commonly used as a cellulose source in mushroom compost and could be a secondary source of mycotoxin contamination in the food chain. We cultivated edible and on T-2/HT-2 artificially-contaminated mushroom compost and developed and in-house validated an UHPLC-MS/MS method for determination of T-2, HT-2, T2-triol and T2-tetraol in mushroom compost and mushroom basidiocarp. A rapid phase I metabolization of T-2 and HT-2 in mushroom compost was observed.

Comparison of QuEChERS and "dilute and shoot" extraction methods for multi-mycotoxin analysis of samples from button mushroom () cultivation.

Several components of mushroom compost (wheat straw, chicken manure) can be contaminated with mycotoxins posing food health risks to mushroom consumers. To assess the relevance of such contaminations high-throughput analytical methods are needed. In this study, two sample preparation approaches, dilute & shoot (D&S) and modified citrate buffered Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS) were compared in terms of extraction efficiency and matrix effect in case of 13 mycotoxins in complex matriceswheat straw, the growing media and button mushrooms ()of mushroom cultivation using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

Multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method validation and its application to fifty-four wheat flours in Hungary.

In this study, fifty-four wheat flour and wheat-based products available on the Hungarian market were assessed for twelve mycotoxins. Prior to analysis, a multi-mycotoxin method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for wheat and wheat-based products. A simple extraction with acetonitrile/water/formic acid (79/20/1 v/v%) was used for sample preparation.

A novel variation of the suture suspension facelift.

Background: We propose a technical variation of the minimally invasive suture suspension facelift.

Methods: A novel variation of the minimally invasive facelift is proposed. The technique consists of two components.

Adipose Stem Cell Function Maintained with Age: An Intra-Subject Study of Long-Term Cryopreserved Cells.

Background: The progressive decline in tissue mechanical strength that occurs with aging is hypothesized to be due to a loss of resident stem cell number and function. As such, there is concern regarding use of autologous adult stem cell therapy in older patients. To abrogate this, many patients elect to cryopreserve the adipose stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) of lipoaspirate, which contains resident adipose stem cells (ASC).

Adipose Derived Stromal Cell (ADSC) Injections for Pain Management of Osteoarthritis in the Human Knee Joint.

Background: This safety and feasibility study used autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular cells (the stromal vascular fraction [SVF] of adipose tissue), to treat 8 osteoarthritic knees in 6 patients of grade I to III (K-L scale) with initial pain of 4 or greater on a 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Objectives: The primary objective of the study was evaluation of the safety of intra-articular injection of SVF. The secondary objective was to assess initial feasibility for reduction of pain in osteoarthritic knees.

Rapid evaluation technique to differentiate mushroom disease-related moulds by detecting microbial volatile organic compounds using HS-SPME-GC-MS.

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) of mushroom disease-related microorganisms. Mycogone perniciosa, Lecanicillum fungicola var. fungicola, and Trichoderma aggressivum f.

Outpatient surgery and sequelae: an analysis of the AAAASF Internet-based quality assurance and peer review database.

Although Internet-based quality assurance and peer review data have demonstrated the safety of procedures performed in the outpatient setting through the analysis of outcomes, the future of patient care will be directed by evidence-based medicine. Large inpatient surgical databases have long existed to provide quality assurance and improvement data for the inpatient cohort of patients. The acquisition of large data sets related to surgical care can best be achieved through the Internet.

Retrospective screening of relevant pesticide metabolites in food using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry and accurate-mass databases of parent molecules and diagnostic fragment ions.

In recent years, the detection and characterization of relevant pesticide metabolites in food is an important task in order to evaluate their formation, kinetics, stability, and toxicity. In this article, a methodology for the systematic screening of pesticides and their main metabolites in fruit and vegetable samples is described, using LC-HRMS and accurate-mass database search of parent compounds and their diagnostic fragment ions. The approach is based on (i) search for parent pesticide molecules; (ii) search for their metabolites in the positive samples, assuming common fragmentation pathways between the metabolites and parent pesticide molecules; and (iii) search for pesticide conjugates using the data from both parent species and diagnostic fragment ions.

Study of the effects of operational parameters on multiresidue pesticide analysis by LC-MS/MS.

In this paper, the influence of several operational parameters on a well established multiresidue LC-MS/MS method has been studied in relation to the analysis of 150 pesticides commonly present in vegetable samples. The operational parameters investigated are: (i) the influence of different modifiers (0.1% formic acid; 5mM ammonium formiate; 5mM ammonium acetate in aqueous phase) - both on the retention time and on the analytical response of the studied compounds; (ii) the effect of the analytical column's temperature on the retention time and on the analytical response of the pesticides investigated; (iii) the effects of co-elution in mixture containing 150 pesticides and, additionally, (iv) the carrying out of a study about the common transitions obtained by LC-MS/MS.

Reflections on lipoplasty: history and personal experience.

The author presents a brief history of the development of lipoplasty in the United States over more than 30 years. The chronology includes major clinical advances, along with the author's personal experience and the role of organized plastic surgery in defining and promoting safe practices.

Arsenic speciation in freshwater organisms from the river Danube in Hungary.

Total arsenic and arsenic species were determined in a range of freshwater samples (sediment, water, algae, plants, sponge, mussels, frog and fish species), collected in June 2004 from the river Danube in Hungary. Total arsenic concentrations were measured by ICPMS and arsenic species were measured in aqueous extracts of the samples by ion-exchange HPLC-ICPMS. In order to separately determine the efficiency of the extraction method and the column recovery, total arsenic concentrations in the extracts were obtained in three ways: (i) ICPMS determination after acid digestion; (ii) flow injection analysis performed directly on the extract; (iii) the sum of arsenic species eluting from the HPLC column.

Characterisation of a hydraulic high-pressure sample introduction assisted flow injection-inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry system and its application to the analysis of biological samples.

A flow injection (FI) method was developed using hydraulic high-pressure nebulization as a sample introduction system, coupled to inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ICP-TOFMS) for rapid and simultaneous determination of 19 elements. The operating conditions of the system (analyte flow rate, heating and cooling temperatures of the desolvation module, carrier gas flow rate) for the simultaneous determination of 19 analytes were optimised. The optimum parameters of the sample introduction system were found to be 1.

Optimization of GC-ICPMS system parameters for the determination of butyltin compounds in Hungarian freshwater origin sediment and mussel samples.

The optimization and application of gas chromatograph coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (GC-ICPMS) (equipped with a commercially available interface) for the speciation of butyltin compounds in freshwater origin sediment and mussel samples is described. Optimization focused on the system parameters that have the greatest effect on signal intensity such as plasma power, ion lenses and make up gas flow (in the interface). Xenon (Xe) containing argon gas (Ar) was applied as tuning gas providing continuous Xe signal for the optimization of system parameters.

Evaluation of occupational exposure in a slide bearings factory on the basis of urine and blood sample analyses.

The impact of a slide bearings factory on its workers was examined. Urine and blood samples were collected from 42 workers and six people employed in the offices in the same factory (control group). Concentrations of Al, Cu, Pb and Zn in blood and urine samples were measured twice (before and after chelation therapy) by ICP-MS technique using standard addition method.

Bioavailability of selenium from selenium-enriched green onions (Allium fistulosum) and chives (Allium schoenoprasum) after 'in vitro' gastrointestinal digestion.

Three sample preparation methods--proteolysis to determine the initial species distribution, and an in vitro gastric and gastrointestinal digestion to assess the bioavailability of selenium--were applied to extract the selenium from selenized green onion and chive samples. Ion exchange chromatography was coupled to a high-performance liquid chromatography-ICP-MS system to analyze the selenium species of Allium samples. The difference in the selenium accumulation capability of green onions and chives was significant.

Development of a liquid chromatography/electrospray selected reaction monitoring method for the determination of organoarsenic species in marine and freshwater samples.

Cation- and anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray selected reaction monitoring (HPLC/ES-SRM) methods were developed for the determination of 15 organoarsenic compounds in marine and freshwater samples. The results demonstrate that the developed HPLC/ES-SRM methods are powerful approaches for the identification of organoarsenic species in crude sample extracts. The detection limits, linearity as well as reproducibility for most of the species are comparable or even better than those measured by the HPLC/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) technique.

Selenium species in aqueous extracts of alfalfa sprouts by two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electrospray mass spectrometry detection.

The complementary use of two different liquid chromatographic mechanisms coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for selenium (Se) specific detection has permitted the screening of the most abundant Se-containing fractions in selenized alfalfa sprouts (Medicago sativa). Aqueous extracts of the sprouts were fractionated first by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using a Superdex Peptide column and a mobile phase containing an ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7). Further purification of the individual SEC Se-containing fractions was carried out using two different chromatographic systems: a Shodex Ashaipack column, with a mixed mechanism of size exclusion and ion exchange, and a conventional reversed phase C8 using ion-pairing reagents.

Certification of a new selenized yeast reference material (SELM-1) for methionine, selenomethinone and total selenium content and its use in an intercomparison exercise for quantifying these analytes.

A new selenized yeast reference material (SELM-1) produced by the Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council of Canada (INMS, NRC) certified for total selenium (2,059+/-64 mg kg(-1)), methionine (Met, 5,758+/-277 mg kg(-1)) and selenomethionine (SeMet, 3,431+/-157 mg kg(-1)) content is described. The +/-value represents an expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of 2. SeMet and Met amount contents were established following a methanesulfonic acid digestion of the yeast using GC-MS and LC-MS quantitation.

Arsenic speciation in farmed Hungarian freshwater fish.

Arsenic speciation analysis was carried out on freshwater farmed fish collected from an area with elevated groundwater arsenic concentrations in Hungary as well as from outside of the area (control samples). The arsenic species were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on methanol extracts of the muscle tissue from the fish. Catfish (Claries gariepinus) were raised in geothermal water where the average total arsenic concentrations were 167 (contaminated sites) and 15.

Selenium speciation in Agaricus bisporus and Lentinula edodes mushroom proteins using multi-dimensional chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

In this study, selenium species from Se containing proteins in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus and Lentinula edodes) were investigated with size-exclusion liquid chromatography coupled to UV and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Different protein extraction protocols were investigated. Variability of the fractionation patterns with three extraction media (0.

Relationships and bioaccumulation of chemical elements in the Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica).

Concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Si, Sr, Zn, Ca, K, Mg, Na and P in the livers of Baikal seal, plankton, zoobenthos, and fish, constituting the food sources for the seals, were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-AES. The accumulation of elements in the liver of seals, affected by internal and external (environmental) factors, was assessed by multidimensional (ANOVA, FA) and correlation analyses. FA has enabled identification of abiotic and biotic factors responsible for the accumulation of elements in the livers of Baikal seals.

Investigation of the species-specific degradation behaviour of methylmercury and ethylmercury under microwave irradiation.

The degradation behaviour of methylmercury (MeHg) under microwave irradiation is investigated, as is the (different) degradation behaviour of ethylmercury (EtHg) under similar irradiation. A simple and highly sensitive SPME-GC-pyrolysis-AFS system was used to analyse the aqueous MeHg and EtHg standard solutions after derivatization with sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh(4)). Samples were irradiated in a microwave digester at microwave powers ranging from 20 to 160 W for durations of 2 to 10 min.