Association Between Pharmacologic Treatment of Depression and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Depression is associated with inferior outcomes following hip or knee arthroplasty, though it remains unclear if this relationship is modifiable. This study examined the association between pharmacologic treatment of depression and patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study of 1,651 total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 1,792 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures between October 2012 and June 2019 used institutional registry data linked to nationwide pharmaceutical claims.

Predictive Tool Use and Willingness for Surgery in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Despite the increasing number of tools available to predict the outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the effect of these predictive tools on patient decision-making remains uncertain.

Objective: To assess the effect of an online predictive tool on patient-reported willingness to undergo TKA.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This parallel, double-masked, 2-arm randomized clinical trial compared predictive tool use with treatment as usual (TAU).

Radiotherapy versus limb-sparing surgery alone in low-grade soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity and trunk wall: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Current guidelines recommend the use of radiotherapy in the management of intermediate and high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity and trunk wall. Its use in low-grade sarcoma is less clear. To date there have been no pooled data analyses regarding its role in this context.

Does a consumer co-designed infographic increase knowledge of physical activity after total knee joint replacement? A randomised controlled trial.

Purpose: To determine if a consumer co-designed infographic increased knowledge of physical activity and self-efficacy for exercise after total knee joint replacement surgery.

Methods: Forty-four adults with primary knee joint replacement surgery were recruited from a public and a private hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental or control group.

Patients' Views on AI for Risk Prediction in Shared Decision-Making for Knee Replacement Surgery: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making around knee replacement surgery is increasing, and this technology holds promise to improve the prediction of patient outcomes. Ambiguity surrounds the definition of AI, and there are mixed views on its application in clinical settings.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore the understanding and attitudes of patients who underwent knee replacement surgery regarding AI in the context of risk prediction for shared clinical decision-making.

Mortality, patient-reported outcome measures, and the health economic burden of prosthetic joint infection.

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating complications for a patient following arthroplasty. This scoping review aims to evaluate the burden of PJI on individual patients and the healthcare system regarding the mortality rate, patient-reported quality of life, and healthcare resource utilisation. Patients with PJI have up to a five-fold higher mortality rate than those who have undergone an uninfected primary arthroplasty.

Predicting 30-day readmission following total knee arthroplasty using machine learning and clinical expertise applied to clinical administrative and research registry data in an Australian cohort.

Background: Thirty-day readmission is an increasingly important problem for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. The aim of this study was to develop a risk prediction model using machine learning and clinical insight for 30-day readmission in primary TKA patients.

Method: Data used to train and internally validate a multivariable predictive model were obtained from a single tertiary referral centre for TKA located in Victoria, Australia.

High ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes are hematopoietic stem cells regulators and essential for platelet production.

Megakaryocytes (MK) generate platelets. Recently, we and others, have reported MK also regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Here we show high ploidy large cytoplasmic megakaryocytes (LCM) are critical negative regulators of HSC and critical for platelet formation.

Research Buddy partnership in a MD-PhD program: lessons learned.

Background And Aims: There is increasing recognition of the importance of patient involvement in research. In recent years, there has also been growing interest in patient partnerships with doctoral studies students. However, it can be difficult to know where to start and how to go about such involvement activities.

Core Recommendations for Osteoarthritis Care: A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for interventions in management of osteoarthritis (OA) and to provide a synthesis of high-quality CPG recommendations.

Methods: Five databases (OvidSP Medline, Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], Embase, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database [PEDro]) and 4 online guideline repositories were searched. CPGs for the management of OA were included if they were 1) written in English and published from January 2015 to February 2022, focused on adults age ≥18 years, and met the criteria of a CPG as defined by the Institute of Medicine; and 2) were rated as high quality on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.

The Impact of Sex on the Outcomes of Prosthetic Joint Infection Treatment with Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis.

Background: The influence of sex on the failure of débridement antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) for treating prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is important for decision-making, patient counseling, and equitable health care. However, very few studies in the orthopaedic literature conduct sex-specific analyses.

Aim: The primary aim was to determine whether sex influences treatment success after DAIR.

Penetration of Vancomycin into Noninfected Bone in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty Evaluated by a Minimal Physiologically Based Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach.

Arthroplasty is a healthcare priority and represents high volume, high cost surgery. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) results in significant mortality, thus it is vital that the risk for PJI is minimized. Vancomycin is recommended for surgical prophylaxis in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) by current clinical practice guidelines endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Understanding the Impact and Tackling the Burden of Osteoarthritis for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People.

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand and describe the lived experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with osteoarthritis.

Methods: Qualitative study guided by cultural security, which ensures that research is conducted in a way that will not compromise the cultural values, beliefs, and expectations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Participants were purposively sampled through the networks of project staff.

Methodological Challenges in Predicting Periprosthetic Joint Infection Treatment Outcomes: A Narrative Review.

The management of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) generally requires both surgical intervention and targeted antimicrobial therapy. Decisions regarding surgical management-whether it be irrigation and debridement, one-stage revision, or two-stage revision-must take into consideration an array of factors. These include the timing and duration of symptoms, clinical characteristics of the patient, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of the microorganism(s) involved.

No consistent association between patient-reported outcome measures and coronal alignment following total knee arthroplasty: a narrative review.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty is a common procedure for treating knee conditions; however, significant proportions of patients report dissatisfaction post-operatively. Recent data suggests accurate coronal alignment may not be essential for optimizing prosthesis functionality and survivorship. This narrative review utilized a systematic approach to analyse the literature comparing post-operative coronal alignment and PROMs following knee replacement.

Total joint replacement may be a valuable treatment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with osteoarthritis, but uptake is low.

Background: Despite bearing a higher burden of osteoarthritis, little research has examined disparities in the access, utilisation and surgical outcomes associated with total joint replacement (TJR) among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal patients who underwent primary hip and knee replacement at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne between 1996 and 2019.

Results: A total of 10 277 primary total knee or hip replacements were performed in the 1996-2019 study period, of which 49 (0.

Laying the foundations of community engagement in Aboriginal health research: establishing a community reference group and terms of reference in a novel research field.

Background: Community engagement or community involvement in Aboriginal health research is a process that involves partnering, collaborating and involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people or potential research participants to empower them to have a say in how research with Aboriginal communities is conducted. In the context of Aboriginal health, this is particularly important so that researchers can respond to the priorities of the community under study and conduct research in a way that is respectful of Aboriginal cultural values and beliefs. One approach to incorporating the principals of community engagement and to ensure cultural oversight and guidance to projects is to engage a community reference group.

A Nomogram for Predicting Non-Response to Surgery One Year after Elective Total Hip Replacement.

Background: Total hip replacement (THR) is a common and cost-effective procedure for end-stage osteoarthritis, but inappropriate utilization may be devaluing its true impact. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the internal validity of a prognostic algorithm for predicting the probability of non-response to THR surgery at 1 year. Methods: Analysis of outcome data extracted from an institutional registry of individuals (N = 2177) following elective THR performed between January 2012 and December 2019.

Patterns and Predictors of Outpatient Antibiotic Dispensation Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the month-to-month prevalence of antibiotic dispensation in the 12 months before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to identify factors associated with antibiotic dispensation in the month immediately following the surgical procedure.

Methods: In total, 4,115 THAs and TKAs performed between April 2013 and June 2019 from a state-wide arthroplasty referral center were analyzed. A cross-sectional study used data from an institutional arthroplasty registry, which was linked probabilistically to administrative dispensing data from the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.

Metastatic giant cell tumour of bone: a narrative review of management options and approaches.

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive bone neoplasm with a rare tendency to metastasise, most commonly to the lungs. The management of metastatic GCTB (metGCTB) is controversial due to its unpredictable behaviour. Asymptomatic patients should be monitored radiologically and undergo treatment only when disease progression occurs.

Factors Underlying Patient and Surgeon Willingness to Participate in a Placebo Surgery Controlled trial: A Qualitative Investigation.

Objective: To investigate the factors underlying willingness to participate in a hypothetical trial among patients and surgeons, to inform the design of future placebo surgery controlled trials.

Background: Placebo surgery controlled trials are the gold standard for testing the efficacy of surgical procedures. However, these trials commonly fail to meet the target sample size and terminate underpowered.

Matured Myofibers in Bioprinted Constructs with In Vivo Vascularization and Innervation.

For decades, the study of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle has been driven by a clinical need to treat neuromuscular diseases and volumetric muscle loss. The in vitro fabrication of muscle offers the opportunity to test drug-and cell-based therapies, to study disease processes, and to perhaps, one day, serve as a muscle graft for reconstructive surgery. This study developed a biofabrication technique to engineer muscle for research and clinical applications.