Survival of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in the environment and dried on stainless steel.

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) are important viral pathogens posing a serious threat to salmonid fish. Survival of two isolates of IHNV and one of VHSV was assessed at temperatures ranging from 4 to 25°C: (a) after drying on stainless steel, (b) in cell culture medium, (c) in filtered river water, (d) in unfiltered river water, and (e) survival, adsorption and desorption in river sediment and five typical soil types. The viruses survived 1 hr to > 84 days depending on the conditions.

DNA vaccination can protect Cyprinus Carpio against spring viraemia of carp virus.

Several DNA constructs containing the spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) glycoprotein (G) gene were investigated for their ability to induce protection against SVCV following injection into myofibres. The constructs were pooled into four groups and co-injected with a plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Group 1 contained one full-length and two truncated G constructs under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.

Compromised local control due to treatment interruptions and late treatment breaks in early glottic cancer: Population-based outcomes study supporting need for intensified treatment schedules.

Purpose: This population-based study describes the treatment of early glottic cancer in Ontario, Canada and assesses whether treatment variations were associated with treatment effectiveness.

Methods And Materials: We studied 491 T1N0 and 213 T2N0 patients. Data abstracted from charts included age, sex, stage, treatment details, disease control, and survival.

Management and outcome differences in supraglottic cancer between Ontario, Canada, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results areas of the United States.

Purpose: We compared the management and outcome of supraglottic cancer in Ontario, Canada, with that in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program areas in the United States.

Methods: Electronic, clinical, and hospital data were linked to cancer registry data and supplemented by chart review where necessary. Stage-stratified analyses compared initial treatment and survival in the SEER areas (n = 1,643) with a random sample from Ontario (n = 265).

A comparison of published head and neck stage groupings in laryngeal cancer using data from two countries.

The combination of T, N, and M classifications into stage groupings is meant to facilitate a number of activities including: the estimation of prognosis and the comparison of therapeutic interventions among similar groups of cases. We tested the UICC/AJCC fifth edition stage grouping and six other TNM-based groupings proposed for head and neck cancer for their ability to meet these expectations in laryngeal cancer using data from Ontario, Canada, and the area of Southern Norway surrounding Oslo. We defined four criteria to assess each grouping scheme: (1) the subgroups defined by T, N, and M comprising a given group within a grouping scheme have similar survival rates (hazard consistency); (2) the survival rates differ among the groups (hazard discrimination); (3) the prediction of cure is high (outcome prediction); and (4) the distribution of patients among the groups is balanced.