Publications by authors named "Peter E Eckstein"
Three Hordeum spontaneum-derived resistances (referred to as 145L2, 41T1 and 40Y5) have demonstrated long-term effectiveness against barley scald, caused by Rhynchosporium commune, in western Canada. Genetic mapping of these resistances in three populations, and the use of five barley genome assemblies, revealed they co-located to a narrowly defined 0.58-1.
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- Barley loose smut is largely controlled by a specific gene, but certain inoculation methods can lead to poor seed quality and germination issues, especially in carrier and susceptible genotypes.
- Research compared a carrier strain (TR11698) and a susceptible strain (CDC Austenson), finding that lower inoculum concentrations improved seed traits and increased infection in the susceptible strain, while the carrier showed no infection but still had low germination rates.
- The study suggests that lowering inoculum levels can enhance seed appearance and germination in susceptible plants, while the carrier's seedling issues indicate a resistance mechanism, with increased abscisic acid levels potentially aiding in pathogen survival.
Loose smut (LS) disease is a serious problem that affects barley yield. Breeding of resistant cultivars and identifying new genes controlling LS has received very little attention. Therefore, it is important to understand the genetic basis of LS control in order to genetically improve LS resistance.
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- The Un8 gene in barley provides resistance against the Ustilago nuda pathogen, responsible for true loose smut, and is located on the long arm of chromosome 5.
- Recent genetic studies have narrowed the location of the Un8 gene to a small interval on chromosome 1HL, using a population of 4625 segregating lines.
- Analysis of the candidate gene from resistant versus susceptible barley lines revealed specific amino acid variations in the deduced protein that might contribute to the loss of function in susceptible lines.
Genetic analysis and genome mapping of a major seedling oat crown rust resistance gene, designated PcKM, are described. The chromosomal location of the PcKM gene was identified and linked markers were validated. Crown rust (Puccinia coronata Corda f.
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- Crown rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, is a major disease affecting oats worldwide, and the oat line MN841801 shows effective adult plant resistance (APR) against it for over 30 years.
- The study examines the genetic basis of this resistance using three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and identifies a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on oat chromosome 14D, called QPc.crc-14D, which accounts for up to 76% of the observed APR.
- This research marks the first identification of a significant APR QTL in oats, establishing QPc.crc-14D as a promising target for marker-assisted breeding and map-based
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- Genomic research in oats faces challenges due to limited shared genetic markers, leading this study to create over 2,000 new genetic markers using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) for oat improvement.
- Around 19,000 genomic clones were sourced from 60 oat varieties globally, resulting in a significant number of polymorphic markers being identified, with some linked to known gene sequences.
- The new markers enhanced genetic mapping and analysis of oat diversity, revealing important clusters related to the growth type (spring vs. winter) and breeding programs, thereby laying groundwork for future oat breeding initiatives.