Response of infrared thermography related parameters to (non-)sport specific exercise and relationship with internal load parameters in individual and team sport athletes-a systematic review.

Introduction: Monitoring internal load is crucial for athletes but often requires invasive methods for muscle-related parameters, limiting practicality. Infrared thermography (IRT) related parameters might overcome this limitation. This systematic review aimed to examine the available literature on the response of IRT related parameters to (non-)sport specific exercise and reveal relationships with internal load parameters in athletic populations.

Prediction of Perceived Exertion Ratings in National Level Soccer Players Using Wearable Sensor Data and Machine Learning Techniques.

This study aimed to identify relationships between external and internal load parameters with subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Consecutively, these relationships shall be used to evaluate different machine learning models and design a deep learning architecture to predict RPE in highly trained/national level soccer players. From a dataset comprising 5402 training sessions and 732 match observations, we gathered data on 174 distinct parameters, encompassing heart rate, GPS, accelerometer data and RPE (Borg's 0-10 scale) of 26 professional male professional soccer players.

A comparative analysis of weekly internal and external workloads between starting and non-starting professional soccer players: A retrospective 21-week examination.

Objectives: Aims of the present investigation encompassed: (i) the quantification of training and match loads experienced by starters and non-starters within a professional soccer team; (ii) the identification of variations in these loads across different training modalities, namely, Preparation Training (PT), Match and Match Compensation Training (M&MCT), and their cumulative sum (Total Load; TL); and (iii) the formulation of guidelines aimed at harmonizing the weekly workloads between the groups.

Methods: Internal and external load of training sessions (n = 97), competitive matches (n = 21) and running based sessions (n = 4) were recorded for 21 weeks to investigate possible heterogeneity between starters and non-starters across PT, M&MCT and TL.

Results: During PT, time spent in heart rate zone 5 (HRZ5) was increased for non-starters (+46.

Smartwatch step counting: impact on daily step-count estimation accuracy.

Introduction: The effect of displayed step count in smartwatches on the accuracy of daily step-count estimation and the potential underlying psychological factors have not been revealed. The study aimed for the following: (i) To investigate whether the counting and reporting of daily steps by a smartwatch increases the daily step-count estimation accuracy and (ii) to elucidating underlying psychological factors.

Methods: A total of 34 healthy men and women participants wore smartwatches for 4 weeks.

Assessment of Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Comparative Analysis of Smartwatch Technology, Yoyo Intermittent Recovery Test 2, and Respiratory Gas Analysis.

The maximum oxygen uptake (VO) is a critical factor for endurance performance in soccer. Novel wearable technology may allow frequent assessment of V̇O during non-fatiguing warm-up runs of soccer players with minimal interference to soccer practice. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of VO2max provided by a consumer grade smartwatch (Garmin Forerunner 245, Garmin, Olathe, USA, Software:13.

Acute physiological, biomechanical, and perceptual responses of runners wearing downward-curved carbon fiber insoles.

In a randomized controlled cross-over study ten male runners (26.7 ± 4.9 years; recent 5-km time: 18:37 ± 1:07 min:s) performed an incremental treadmill test (ITT) and a 3-km time trial (3-km TT) on a treadmill while wearing either carbon fiber insoles with downwards curvature or insoles made of butyl rubber (control condition) in light road racing shoes (Saucony Fastwitch 9).

ChatGPT Generated Training Plans for Runners are not Rated Optimal by Coaching Experts, but Increase in Quality with Additional Input Information.

ChatGPT may be used by runners to generate training plans to enhance performance or health aspects. However, the quality of ChatGPT generated training plans based on different input information is unknown. The objective of the study was to evaluate ChatGPT-generated six-week training plans for runners based on different input information granularity.

Assessing anaerobic speed reserve: A systematic review on the validity and reliability of methods to determine maximal aerobic speed and maximal sprinting speed in running-based sports.

Purpose: Locomotor profiling using anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) enables insights into athletes' physiological and neuromuscular contributing factors and prescription of high-intensity training beyond maximal aerobic speed (MAS). This systematic review aimed to determine the validity and reliability of different methods to assess the characteristics of ASR, i.e.

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the application of artificial intelligence in connection with sport research, coaching, and optimization of athletic performance: a brief SWOT analysis.

Here, we performed a non-systematic analysis of the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) associated with the application of artificial intelligence to sports research, coaching and optimization of athletic performance. The strength of AI with regards to applied sports research, coaching and athletic performance involve the automation of time-consuming tasks, processing and analysis of large amounts of data, and recognition of complex patterns and relationships. However, it is also essential to be aware of the weaknesses associated with the integration of AI into this field.

The magnitude and time-course of physiological responses to 9 weeks of incremental ramp testing.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess (1) the day-to-day variability in, and (2) the magnitude and time-course of adaptation of physiological parameters (i.e., maximal oxygen uptake [VO max], heart rate [HR], blood lactate concentration, respiratory exchange ratio [RER], ratings of perceived exertion [RPE], and time-to-exhaustion [TTE]) in response to an intervention involving three incremental ramp tests per week for 9 weeks.

Differences in Physical Match Performance and Injury Occurrence Before and After the COVID-19 Break in Professional European Soccer Leagues: A Systematic Review.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, matches and soccer-specific training were suspended for several weeks, matches after resumption were congested, and substitutions per team and game increased from three to five.

Objective: The aim of this review was to examine possible differences in physical match performance and injuries between before and after the COVID-19 induced break of matches and training in professional male European soccer leagues during the 2019/2020 season.

Methods: A systematic search identified all scientifically peer-reviewed publications involving elite male soccer players competing in the European leagues which reported physical match performance variables such as total running distance and running distance at different speed zones and/or injury parameters pre- and post-COVID-19 induced break.

Physiological response and physical performance after 40 min and 90 min daytime nap opportunities.

This study aimed to examine the impact of 40-min and 90-min naps on performance in the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT) and on various physiological and perceptual measures. Sixteen male athletes (20 ± 3 years, 173 ± 7 cm, 67 ± 7 kg) performed the 5mSRT after a 40-min nap (N40), after a 90-min nap (N90), and in a no-nap, control condition (N0). The 5mSRT involves six repetitions of 30 s of all-out exercise.

Type and intensity distribution of structured and incidental lifestyle physical activity of students and office workers: a retrospective content analysis.

Background: Physical activity (PA) guidelines acknowledge the health benefits of regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) regardless of bout duration. However, little knowledge exists concerning the type and intensity distribution of structured and incidental lifestyle PA of students and office workers. The present study aimed to i) assess the duration and distribution of intensity of MVPAs during waking hours ≥50% of heart rate reserve (HRR), ii) to identify the type of PA through diary assessment, iii) to assign these activities into structured and lifestyle incidental PA, and iv) to compare this information between students and office workers.

Assessment of Peak Oxygen Uptake with a Smartwatch and its Usefulness for Training of Runners.

Peak oxygen uptake (˙VO) is an important factor contributing to running performance. Wearable technology may allow the assessment of ˙VO more frequently and on a larger scale. We aim to i) validate the ˙VO assessed by a smartwatch (Garmin Forerunner 245), and ii) discuss how this parameter may assist to evaluate and guide training procedures.

Proof-of-concept and concurrent validity of a prototype headset to assess peak oxygen uptake without a face mask.

Objective: Portable gas exchange instruments allow the assessment of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O) but are often bulky, expensive and require wearing a face mask thereby limiting their routine application. A newly developed miniaturized headset (VitaScale, Nuremberg, Germany) may overcome these barriers and allow measuring V̇O without applying a face mask. Here we aimed (i) to disclose the technical setup of a headset incorporating a gas and volume sensor to measure volume flow and expired oxygen concentration and (ii) to assess the concurrent criterion-validity of the headset to measure V̇O in 44 individuals exercising on a stationary cycle ergometer in consideration of the test-retest reliability of the criterion measure.

Moving Together While Staying Apart: Practical Recommendations for 24-Hour Home-Based Movement Behaviours for Those With Cardiovascular Disease.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 is a global public health crisis that disproportionately affects those with preexisting conditions. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and many key CVD risk factors are modifiable (e.g.

Monitoring and adapting endurance training on the basis of heart rate variability monitored by wearable technologies: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: To systematically perform a meta-analysis of the scientific literature to determine whether the outcomes of endurance training based on heart rate variability (HRV) are more favorable than those of predefined training.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed and Web of Science were searched systematically in March of 2020 using keywords related to endurance, the ANS, and training.

Establishing a cardiac training group for patients with heart failure: the "HIP-in-Würzburg" study.

Background: Exercise training in heart failure (HF) is recommended but not routinely offered, because of logistic and safety-related reasons. In 2020, the German Society for Prevention&Rehabilitation and the German Society for Cardiology requested establishing dedicated "HF training groups." Here, we aimed to implement and evaluate the feasibility and safety of one of the first HF training groups in Germany.

Behavior Change Techniques in Wrist-Worn Wearables to Promote Physical Activity: Content Analysis.

Background: Decreasing levels of physical activity (PA) increase the incidences of noncommunicable diseases, obesity, and mortality. To counteract these developments, interventions aiming to increase PA are urgently needed. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions such as wearable sensors (wearables) may assist with an improvement in PA.

Intra-individual physiological response of recreational runners to different training mesocycles: a randomized cross-over study.

Purpose: Pronounced differences in individual physiological adaptation may occur following various training mesocycles in runners. Here we aimed to assess the individual changes in performance and physiological adaptation of recreational runners performing mesocycles with different intensity, duration and frequency.

Methods: Employing a randomized cross-over design, the intra-individual physiological responses [i.

Predefined vs data-guided training prescription based on autonomic nervous system variation: A systematic review.

Monitoring variations in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system may help personalize training of runners and provide more pronounced physiological adaptations and performance improvements. We systematically reviewed the scientific literature comparing physiological adaptations and/or improvements in performance following training based on responses of the autonomic nervous system (ie, changes in heart rate variability) and predefined training. PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched systematically in July 2019.

Smartwatch-Derived Data and Machine Learning Algorithms Estimate Classes of Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Runners: A Pilot Study.

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a subjective load marker and may assist in individualizing training prescription, particularly by adjusting running intensity. Unfortunately, RPE has shortcomings (e.g.