Optic Nerve Microvascular Decompression for Carotid Dolichoectasia.

Vascular compression of the optic nerve in a patient with rapid monocular vision loss with otherwise negative diagnostic workup is a rare, but controversial dilemma. The literature is conflicted, advocating for either timely surgical decompression to preserve vision or observation only given the prevalence of asymptomatic vascular compression and observed arrest of visual decline. The most frequently reported sources of symptomatic compression are unruptured aneurysms and dolichoectatic vasculature, with recent consensus reached over a need for extensive perioperative ophthalmologic evaluations and follow-up.

Biomechanical Analysis of Pedicle Screw Reinsertion Along the Same Trajectory in a Validated 3D-Printed Synthetic Bone Model.

Objective: To investigate the biomechanical properties of pedicle screw reinsertion along the same trajectory in a previously validated synthetic bone model.

Methods: Twenty identical acrylonitrile butadiene styrene models of lumbar vertebrae were three-dimensional-printed. Screws were placed in the standard fashion into each pedicle.

The Importance of Planning Ahead: A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Novel Trans-Facet Corridor for Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Segmentation Technology.

Background: The rise of minimally invasive lumbar fusions and advanced imaging technologies has facilitated the introduction of novel surgical techniques with the trans-facet approach being one of the newest additions. We aimed to quantify any pathology-driven anatomic changes to the trans-facet corridor, which could thereby alter the ideal laterality of approach to the disc space.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we measured the areas and maximum permissible cannula diameters of the trans-facet corridor using commercially available software (BrainLab, Munich, Germany).

Upper-limb neurovascular compression, pectoralis minor and quadrilateral space syndromes: A narrative review of current literature.

Pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS) and quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) are uncommon neurovascular compression disorders affecting the upper extremity. PMS involves compression under the pectoralis minor muscle, and QSS results from compression in the quadrilateral space-both are classically observed in overhead-motion athletes. Diagnosing PMS and QSS may be challenging due to variable presentations and similarities with other, more common, upper-limb pathologies.

Pushing the Limits of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery-From Preoperative to Intraoperative to Postoperative Management.

The introduction of minimally invasive surgery ushered in a new era of spine surgery by minimizing the undue iatrogenic injury, recovery time, and blood loss, among other complications, of traditional open procedures. Over time, technological advancements have further refined the care of the operative minimally invasive spine patient. Moreover, pre-, and postoperative care have also undergone significant change by way of artificial intelligence risk stratification, advanced imaging for surgical planning and patient selection, postoperative recovery pathways, and digital health solutions.

Early Experience with Prone Lateral Interbody Fusion in Deformity Correction: A Single-Institution Experience.

Lateral spine surgery offers effective minimally invasive deformity correction, but traditional approaches often involve separate anterior, lateral, and posterior procedures. The prone lateral technique streamlines this process by allowing single-position access for lateral and posterior surgery, potentially benefiting from the lordosing effect of prone positioning. While previous studies have compared prone lateral to direct lateral for adult degenerative diseases, this retrospective review focuses on the outcomes of adult deformity patients undergoing prone lateral interbody fusion.

Evolution of the Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF): From Open to Percutaneous to Patient-Specific.

The transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has seen significant evolution since its early inception, reflecting advancements in surgical techniques, patient safety, and outcomes. Originally described as an improvement over the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), the TLIF began as an open surgical procedure, that notably reduced the need for the extensive neural retractation that hindered the PLIF. In line with the broader practice of surgery, trending toward minimally invasive access, the TLIF was followed by the development of the minimally invasive TLIF (MIS-TLIF), a technique that further decreased tissue trauma and postoperative complications.

Potassium starvation induces autophagy in yeast.

Autophagy is a conserved process that recycles cellular contents to promote survival. Although nitrogen limitation is the canonical inducer of autophagy, recent studies have revealed several other nutrients important to this process. In this study, we used a quantitative, high-throughput assay to identify potassium starvation as a new and potent inducer of autophagy in the yeast We found that potassium-dependent autophagy requires the core pathway kinases Atg1, Atg5, and Vps34, and other components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex.

Reformulating a Pharmacophore for 5-HT2A Serotonin Receptor Antagonists.

Several pharmacophore models have been proposed for 5-HT2A serotonin receptor antagonists. These typically consist of two aromatic/hydrophobic moieties separated by a given distance from each other, and from a basic amine. Although specified distances might vary, the models are relatively similar in their general construction.