Incorrect measurements and misleading conclusions in the article "Comparison of the efficacy of tooth alignment among lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study".

Background/objective: To reproduce the methods and results of the study by Alobeid et al. (2018) in which the efficacy of tooth alignment using conventional labial and lingual orthodontic bracket systems was assessed.

Materials/methods: We used the identical experimental protocol and tested (i) regular twin bracket (GAC-Twin [Dentsply]) and lingual twin bracket systems (Incognito [3M]), (ii) together with NiTi 0.

Spectrum of indications for palatal implants in treatment concepts involving immediate and conventional loading.

Aim: To analyze the spectrum of indications for second-generation palatal implants in relation to two different loading concepts in a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Patients And Methods: Forty-one patients were recruited to the study from 2006 to 2009. All implants (Orthosystem, Straumann, Basel, Switzerland; dimensions: 4.

Immediate versus conventional loading of palatal implants in humans: a first report of a multicenter RCT.

This study aims to analyze the clinical performance of two loading concepts on second-generation palatal implants (Orthosystem, Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) in a prospective multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. At the time of this interim analysis, 41 patients have been randomized on a 1:1 basis to one of two treatment groups. Group 1 underwent conventional loading of palatal implants after a healing period of 12 weeks (gold standard) while group 2 underwent immediate implant loading within 1 week after implant insertion.

Class II treatment with fixed functional orthodontic appliances before and after the pubertal growth peak - a cephalometric study to evaluate differential therapeutic effects.

Objective: The aim of this clinical trial was to investigate and compare outcomes after treating a skeletal Class II malocclusion with two fixed functional orthodontic appliances, the Herbst appliance and the Functional Mandibular Advancer, by evaluating their skeletal and dentoalveolar effects and the repercussion on the profile in relation to patient age.

Patients And Methods: The sample population comprised 42 subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusion. They were divided into two groups depending on age.

Efficiency of a skeletonized distal jet appliance supported by miniscrew anchorage for noncompliance maxillary molar distalization.

Introduction: Conventional anchorage appliances rely exclusively on intraoral anchorage for noncompliance molar distalization. The partial coverage of the palate, in particular, often results in compromised oral hygiene. An innovative alternative combines a skeletonized distal jet appliance with 2 paramedian miniscrews for additional anchorage.

Biomechanics of the Keles Slider appliance for maxillary molar distalization--in-vitro analysis of force systems.

Aim: The aim of this in-vitro study was to analyze the forces and moments acting in the first molar region induced by the Keles Slider appliance for maxillary molar distalization, thereby investigating this appliance's suitability for translatory distalization of the upper molars.

Material And Methods: Over a working section of 3 mm with reactivation of the loaded spring systems, we analyzed the force systems of three laboratory-fabricated appliances of identical design using 3D measuring equipment.

Results: The force systems registered in-vitro exhibited complex biomechanics.

Class II treatment in adults: comparing camouflage orthodontics, dentofacial orthopedics and orthognathic surgery--a cephalometric study to evaluate various therapeutic effects.

Aim: It was the aim of this clinical study to compare the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects as well as those on the profile of three different treatment approaches in Class II patients (camouflage orthodontics, dentofacial orthopedics, and combined orthodontic and surgical treatment).

Patients And Method: Our study cohort consisted of 60 young adults presenting a skeletal Class II, Division 1 malocclusion: 20 patients whose overjet was reduced by camouflage following premolar extraction, 20 patients whose occlusions were corrected by placement of a fixed functional orthopedic appliance, and 20 who underwent orthognathic surgery (bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible without genioplasty). We documented the therapeutic progress using cephalometry.

Interleukin-1 polymorphisms in relation to external apical root resorption (EARR).

Aim: Recent papers have discussed genetic predisposition for root resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate this kind of relationship as dependent on the EARR phenotype. Alleles from IL-1A and IL-1B gene polymorphisms are discussed as genetically predisposing factors.

Treatment effects of intraoral appliances with conventional anchorage designs for non-compliance maxillary molar distalization: a literature review.

Since the end of the 1970s, various appliances with intramaxillary anchorage for distalization of the upper molars have been described as an alternative to headgear. The major advantages of these innovative appliances are that they act permanently and are independent of patient compliance. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency, both quantitatively and qualitatively, of various appliance types with intramaxillary anchorage for non-compliance molar distalization.

Anchorage efficacy of palatally-inserted miniscrews in molar distalization with a periodontally/miniscrew-anchored distal jet.

Aim: As a clinical pilot study using the skeletonized, periodontally/miniscrew-anchored Distal Jet appliance, this study aimed to verify the positional stability of the palatally-inserted paramedian miniscrews when subjected to loading for several months, hence to assess the efficacy of the supporting anchorage design.

Material And Method: Sixteen miniscrews (8-9 mm in length, 1.6 mm in diameter, polished surface) were inserted in the anterior region of the palate at paramedian locations.

Biomechanics of a Distal Jet appliance. Theoretical considerations and in vitro analysis of force systems.

Objective: To analyze the forces and moments acting in the first molar region, induced by the Distal Jet appliance for maxillary molar distalization.

Materials And Methods: Over a working section of 3 mm with reactivation of the loaded spring systems, the force systems of three laboratory-fabricated appliances of identical design were analyzed with a 3D metering device.

Results: The force systems registered in vitro exhibited complex biomechanics.

Early loading of plalatal implants (ortho-type II) a prospective multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: In orthodontic treatment, anchorage control is a fundamental aspect. Usually conventional mechanism for orthodontic anchorage control can be either extraoral or intraoral that is headgear or intermaxillary elastics. Their use are combined with various side effects such as tipping of occlusal plane or undesirable movements of teeth.

Topography and morphology of the mandibular condyle during fixed functional orthopedic treatment --a magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background And Aim: Fixed functional orthopedic appliances used in 6 to 9 month-long treatments to correct distoclusion keep the mandible permanently in the therapeutically-desired protruded position. The principal aim of this approach is to achieve an increase in length of the lower jaw by stimulating mandibular growth. Ideally, adaptive mechanisms in adolescents and young adults result in condylar remodeling.

Disc-condyle Relationships during Class II Treatment with the Functional Mandibular Advancer (FMA).

Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the effects of treatment to correct Class II malocclusion with the Functional Mandibular Advancer (FMA) on the relative positions of the articular disc and mandibular condyle. In particular, we aimed to find out whether the disc-condyle relationship changed between baseline and post-treatment, in temporomandibular joints initially exhibiting a physiological relationship and alternatively, in temporomandibular joints initially presenting anterior displacement of the articular disc.

Patients And Methods: Treatment progress in 15 patients was monitored at defined points in time by manual structural analysis (MSA) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Biomechanics of a modified Pendulum appliance--theoretical considerations and in vitro analysis of the force systems.

The aim of this study was to analyse the acting forces and moments induced by a special orthodontic appliance, the Pendulum K, for molar distalization in the transverse and sagittal planes. The purpose-designed test set-up (artificial maxilla with anchorage unit and two electrothermodynamic molars, an electronic measuring unit, a unit with force-moment sensor, an analogue/digital converter, and a data read-out unit) allowed simulation of in vivo conditions on the one hand and precise determination of the force systems on the other. The appliances investigated were three specimens of the Pendulum K.

Molar distalization with pendulum appliances in the mixed dentition: effects on the position of unerupted canines and premolars.

Introduction: The pendulum appliance allows for rapid molar distalization without the need for patient compliance. Its efficiency has been confirmed in a number of clinical studies. However, the potential interactions and positional changes between the deciduous molars used for dental anchorage and the erupted and unerupted permanent teeth have yet to be clarified when this appliance is used for molar distalization in the mixed dentition.

[Uprighting of a tipped lower second molar with the aid of a microscrew anchorage. A case report].

Titanium microscrews for orthodontic anchorage purposes have been developed in different designs and dimensions by a number of manufacturers. Whereas conventional implants need a relatively extensive bone supply and the insertion sites are limited, microscrews offer a more flexible range of applications. They also offer crucial advantages such as simple, atraumatic insertion and removal, a minimum patient stress and a favourable cost-benefit ratio.

Skeletal effects in class II treatment with the functional mandibular advancer (FMA)?

Objective: The aim of this clinical study was to reveal skeletal effects during the treatment of Class II malocclusions in adolescents and young adults using a protrusive-acting fixed, rigid functional orthodontic appliance, and to quantify them in comparison with an untreated control group. We aimed to determine whether, and if so, to what extent skeletal effects diminish with increasing age, and whether inter-individual differences can be observed.

Method: To correct their intermaxillary jaw relationship, the functional mandibular advancer (FMA) was inserted in 16 adolescents and young adults (eight males, eight females, aged from 12 years, 3 months to 18 years, 7 months) presenting with a skeletal Class II malocclusion.

Innovative anchorage alternatives for molar distalization--an overview.

The conventional anchorage design of an appliance for non-compliance molar distalization anchored exclusively intraorally combines an acrylic pad or button placed on the palatal mucosa with involvement of the anchoring-teeth's periodontium. Disadvantages of this anchorage design include the difficulties it causes for proper oral hygiene, reactive forces and moments exerted on the anterior dentition, and relative contraindications based on certain dentition stages and local conditions. In this article we describe alternative anchorage designs, concentrating on types of anchorage that are applied with orthodontic anchoring implants of reduced diameter and length.

Molar distalization with a modified pendulum appliance--in vitro analysis of the force systems and in vivo study in children and adolescents.

The standard pendulum appliance was modified by integrating a distal screw into its base and by special preactivation of the pendulum springs. The suitability of this Pendulum K for the translatory distalization of maxillary molars was investigated in an in vitro analysis and in an in vivo study in children and adolescents. The in vitro measurement of the resulting force systems revealed that all forces and moments remained virtually constant over a three-mm simulated distalization increment.

Anchorage quality of deciduous molars versus premolars for molar distalization with a pendulum appliance.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess dental anchorage qualities when the pendulum appliance is used for distal molar movement.

Material: Thirty adolescents in various dentition stages received a modified pendulum appliance with a distal screw and a specially preactivated pendulum spring for bilateral molar distalization in the maxilla. The subjects were subcategorized into 3 groups of 10 according to the dental anchorage used: deciduous molars, premolars and deciduous molars, or only premolars.

Light microscopic and SEM findings after orthodontic treatment--analysis of a human specimen.

Aim: The hard and soft tissue damage caused by orthodontic forces has so far, for obvious ethical reasons, been investigated in animal models primarily. However, the validity of these results as applied to humans remains controversial. The particular value of this study is that the maxilla of a young adult could be analyzed histologically.