Students managing work and study role boundaries: a person-centred approach.

To cope with demands of working while studying, students must structure the boundaries between these roles (e.g., integrate or segment them) to suit their preferences and circumstances.

The underlying career values of young adults' protean and traditional career orientations.

Although young people espouse a range of career values, the extent to which traditional career values inter-mix with protean values is unclear. We interviewed a group of young university students in Australia ( = 24, 19.4 years; 50% young men) and examined the full range of traditional and protean values held.

Decision-making following identification of an infant's unilateral hearing loss: Parent and professional perspectives.

Background: Parents of infants identified with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) make decisions about managing their infant's hearing loss based on limited evidence and before knowing whether their infant will require additional support.

Objectives: The decision-making processes of parents and clinicians regarding the management of UHL following newborn hearing screening were examined.

Procedure: Two convenience samples were recruited: 15 parents of children with permanent UHL aged under 4 years, and 14 clinicians.

Within-person relationship between career goal feedback and career-related stress: A weekly survey study.

Based on social-cognitive and general self-regulation theories, this study examined the underlying mechanisms of the within-person relationship between negative career goal feedback and career-related stress. Using a sample of young adults and a weekly survey study with four measurements (212 observations), we found that negative feedback on career progress and poor feedback on improvements needed for career progress related to more career stress, and that career-related self-efficacy mediated the link between feedback on improvements needed and stress. In addition, trait optimism buffered the link between negative feedback on progress and stress.

Parental Decision-Making and Deaf Children: A Systematic Literature Review.

Parents or caregivers of children who are deaf or hard of hearing are required to make complex and rational decisions soon after the confirmation of hearing loss. Ways of facilitating decision-making have been a focus within the healthcare sector for two decades and shared decision-making is now widely viewed as the standard for good clinical care. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify the extent to which the principles of shared decision-making and informed choice have been implemented for parents when they make decisions related to their children with permanent hearing loss.

Career goal revision in response to negative feedback: Testing a longitudinal cross-lagged model.

We tested a model based on goal-setting and self-regulation theories of the cross-lagged relationships among negative career-related feedback, negative affect (career-related stress), and career goal revision (downward goal revision and goal disengagement). Participants were 409 Chinese university/college students (Mage 19 years; 58% female), who completed a survey at 2 time points approximately 6 months apart. Consistent with our hypotheses, negative career-related feedback at T1 was related to more career goal disengagement and greater downward goal revision at T2.

Simulation based virtual learning environment in medical genetics counseling: an example of bridging the gap between theory and practice in medical education.

Background: Simulation based learning environments are designed to improve the quality of medical education by allowing students to interact with patients, diagnostic laboratory procedures, and patient data in a virtual environment. However, few studies have evaluated whether simulation based learning environments increase students' knowledge, intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy, and help them generalize from laboratory analyses to clinical practice and health decision-making.

Methods: An entire class of 300 University of Copenhagen first-year undergraduate students, most with a major in medicine, received a 2-h training session in a simulation based learning environment.

Why are junior doctors deterred from choosing a surgical career?

Objective: To identify the reasons why interns would not choose a surgical career.

Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured telephone interviews to explore the future career choices of 41 junior doctors (14 men, 27 women). Doctors were asked to identify specialties they would not take up, and state why this was the case.

Junior doctors' and medical students' commitment to working in areas of workforce shortage.

Introduction: Australian Government initiatives promote rural training placements, supported medical school places, and incentives that attract doctors to areas of need. The purpose of this study was to report on the preparedness of medical students and junior doctors to commit to working in areas of workforce shortage.

Methods: Medical students and junior doctors across all Australian states and territories completed a web-based survey assessing career attitudes and intentions.

Why do junior doctors not want to work in a rural location, and what would induce them to do so?

Objective: Identify the most important factors associated with choosing rural medical practice.

Design: Cross-sectional design using a web survey to collect quantitative and qualitative data.

Participants: One hundred and ninety junior doctors--91 interns, 99 PGY2.

Working with youth in-care: implications for vocational rehabilitation practice.

Purpose: Youth in-care face a range of barriers that hinder their career development, not least of which is the high prevalence of mental health, emotional and behavioural problems among this population and lack of access to vocational rehabilitation services. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the factors that impede the school-to-work transition of youth in-care from their perspective and that of the key stakeholders in their lives.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 65 youth in-care, 27 carers, 14 caseworkers and 21 guidance officers in Queensland, Australia.

Medical specialty prestige and lifestyle preferences for medical students.

In the context of doctor shortages and mal-distributions in many Western countries, prestige and lifestyle friendliness have emerged as significant factors for medical students when they choose a medical specialty. In this study, we surveyed two samples of Australian medical students and had them rank 19 medical specialties for prestige (N = 530) and lifestyle friendliness (N = 644). The prestige rankings were generally consistent with previous ratings by physicians, lay people and advanced medical students, with surgery, internal, and intensive care medicine ranking the highest, and public health, occupational, and non-specialist hospital medicine ranking lowest.

Early motivation, well-being, and treatment engagement of chronic substance users undergoing treatment in a therapeutic community setting.

This study explored the predictors, role and effects of motivation in chronic substance users as they began residential treatment, using the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework. Testing of the SDT model involved a sample of 350 clients from six therapeutic communities across Australia who completed a battery of standardized measures. It was hypothesized that clients with a more autonomous motivational attitude toward treatment would be more likely to engage in the therapeutic process and would report more psychological well-being in the initial stages of the therapeutic process.

A longitudinal examination of adolescent career planning and exploration using a social cognitive career theory framework.

This study used social cognitive career theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994), as a framework to investigate predictors of career choice actions, operationalised as career planning and career exploration. The model was tested cross-sectionally and longitudinally with 631 high school students enrolled in Grades 10-12. Students completed measures of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goals, supports and personality.

Goal orientation, self-regulation strategies, and job-seeking intensity in unemployed adults.

At Time 1 (T1), the authors surveyed 277 unemployed adults using measures of human capital, goal orientation, self-regulation (emotion control, motivation control, work commitment), and job-seeking intensity. At Time 2 (T2), 4 months later, 155 participants indicated their reemployment outcomes in number of job interviews and number of job offers. Using T1 data, the authors tested the predictors of job-seeking intensity and whether self-regulation mediated between goal orientation and job-seeking intensity.

Development and initial validation of an Aviation Safety Climate Scale.

Problem: A need was identified for a consistent set of safety climate factors to provide a basis for aviation industry benchmarking.

Method: Six broad safety climate themes were identified from the literature and consultations with industry safety experts. Items representing each of the themes were prepared and administered to 940 Australian commercial pilots.

Development and initial validation of an instrument to measure perceived coercion to enter treatment for substance abuse.

The present study involved 3 phases that led to the development and initial validation of the Perceived Coercion Questionnaire (PCQ), a scale that researchers use to measure perceptions of coercion of drug and alcohol users to enter drug and alcohol treatment. In Phase 1, the authors used focus groups to generate 48 pilot items. In Phase 2, the items were administered to a sample of 158 drug and alcohol users who were in residential treatment within a therapeutic community setting.

Relationships at school and stage-environment fit as resources for adolescent engagement and achievement.

Guided by Self-Determination and associated theories, we examined whether adolescent (N=324, Mage=15, 52% female) competence (academic engagement and achievement) were supported by relationships at school and school fit. Aspects of relationships and school fit that were measured included adolescents' perceptions of each context as promoting autonomy, relatedness and competence. Within a latent-variable structural equation model, direct and indirect path estimates, standard errors and confidence intervals were produced using maximum likelihood and bootstrapping.

Predicting change over time in career planning and career exploration for high school students.

This study assessed 166 high school students in Grade 8 and again in Grade 10. Four models were tested: (a) whether the T1 predictor variables (career knowledge, indecision, decision-making self efficacy, self-esteem, demographics) predicted the outcome variable (career planning/exploration) at T1; (b) whether the T1 predictor variables predicted the outcome variable at T2; (c) whether the T1 predictor variables predicted change in the outcome variable from T1-T2; and (d) whether changes in the predictor variables from T1-T2 predicted change in the outcome variable from T1-T2. Strong associations (R(2)=34%) were identified for the T1 analysis (confidence, ability and paid work experience were positively associated with career planning/exploration).

The use of legal coercion in the treatment of substance abusers: an overview and critical analysis of thirty years of research.

Drug and alcohol use presents a serious social problem for most countries in the world. Of particular concern is the well-documented relationship between substance use and crime, which has contributed to an increased popularity and willingness to utilize more forceful means to pressure substance users into treatment. Although compulsory/legally mandated treatment is appealing, it has been one of the most fiercely debated topics in the addiction field, raising a number of issues including ethical concerns and motivational considerations.

Career barriers perceived by hard-of-hearing adolescents: implications for practice from a mixed-methods study.

This study incorporated both quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the perception of career barriers by hard-of-hearing high school students being educated in regular classes with itinerant teacher support. Sixty-five students in Years 10, 11, and 12 completed a questionnaire about potential general and hearing-related barriers, and 12 of these respondents were subsequently interviewed. Findings indicated that other people's lack of understanding of their hearing loss constituted the greatest potential barrier to adolescents' educational and career goals.

Future outlook and financial strain: testing the personal agency and latent deprivation models of unemployment and well-being.

A sample (N=239) of unemployed adults completed scales measuring well-being, financial strain, future outlook, and the latent benefits of employment. The study tested (a) the relative contributions of the latent deprivation and agency restriction models in predicting well-being and (b) whether financial strain interacted with future outlook to predict well-being or whether financial strain was mediated by future outlook. The authors found support for agency restriction over the latent deprivation model and concluded that examining internal personal agency processes is required to explain the decline in well-being.

Predicting career development in hard-of-hearing adolescents in Australia.

This article reports on a study investigating the career development of hard-of-hearing high school students attending regular classes with itinerant teacher support. We compared 65 hard-of-hearing students with a matched group of normally hearing peers on measures of career maturity, career indecision, perceived career barriers, and three variables associated with social cognitive career theory career decision-making self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals. In addition, the predictors of career maturity and career indecision were tested in both groups.

Issues in the school-to-work transition of hard of hearing adolescents.

Career theorists emphasize the importance of the development of career maturity in adolescents if they are to successfully negotiate the school-to-work transition. Transitions of deaf and hard of hearing adolescents may be especially problematic. The authors examine the implications of current labor market trends for young people, in particular those with hearing loss, and review data on employment outcomes for deaf and hard of hearing people.