Muscle shear wave elastography, conventional B mode and power doppler ultrasonography in healthy adults and patients with autoimmune inflammatory myopathies: a pilot cross-sectional study.

Background: Before the role of shear wave elastography (SWE) and B mode ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of different forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) can be investigated, normative data is required. This study aimed to describe and then compare normative SWE and B mode ultrasound metrics of muscles in healthy controls and patients with IIM.

Methods: Twenty nine healthy adult controls and 10 IIM patients (5 with inclusion body myositis and 5 with necrotising autoimmune myopathy) underwent a full clinical examination, laboratory investigations, SWE and US measurements of selected proximal and distal limb muscles.

Imaging in the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies; indications and utility.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases that carry a significant morbidity and mortality risk. The utilization of imaging in the diagnostic pathway of IIM is therefore important to obtain early diagnosis and even monitor patients over time. Areas covered: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the main imaging modality used to detect myositis but limitations include cost and accessibility, leading to delays in time to scan, and patient contraindications.

Plexiform neurofibroma causing an ossifying subperiosteal haematoma: a rare case in the tibia of an 11-year-old girl.

Ossifying subperiosteal haematoma is an exceedingly rare manifestation of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). We report an interesting case of plexiform neurofibroma causing a rapidly growing tibial mass as a result of subperiosteal haemorrhage, in an 11-year-old girl with previously undiagnosed NF-1. This reflects a precursor of the more mature periosteal ossification seen in cases traditionally termed "subperiosteal cysts".

Cortical desmoid of the humerus: radiographic and MRI correlation.

Cortical desmoids are self-limiting fibro-osseous lesions commonly occurring at the medial supracondylar femur in active adolescents, at either the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius or at the insertion of the adductor magnus aponeurosis. Less commonly, in a similar demographic, cortical desmoids may occur in the proximal humerus medially at the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle or laterally at the insertion of the deltoid. The radiographic appearance of the proximal humerus cortical desmoid has been described previously, but not the MRI appearance.

Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Denervation of the Medial Calcaneal Nerve.

Objective: Plantar fasciosis is a common complaint of athletes, particularly for runners. The medial calcaneal nerve (MCN) may play a role in the pain syndrome, and radiofrequency (RF) denervation has been previously reported. The hypothesis is that ultrasound-guided denervation of the MCN results in symptomatic improvement.

Pattern of Fascicular Involvement in Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy at Ultrasound.

Background: The Achilles tendon is composed of fascicles from the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, which are identifiable as discrete components at anatomical dissection.

Hypothesis: The pattern of fascicular involvement in Achilles tendinopathy may be characterized at ultrasound, and this characterization is reliable between different observers.

Study Design: Cross-sectional diagnostic study.

Normative MRI, ultrasound and muscle functional MRI findings in the forearms of asymptomatic elite rowers.

Objectives: Forearm injuries are common and debilitating to elite rowers. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome, intersection syndrome and proximal radial bone stress injuries have been documented in this population. This paper explores the imaging findings related to these conditions in asymptomatic elite rowers.

Cell therapy in joint disorders.

Context: Articular cartilage possesses poor natural healing mechanisms, and a variety of non-cell-based and cell-based treatments aim to promote regeneration of hyaline cartilage.

Data Sources: A review of the literature to December 2013 using PubMed with search criteria including the keywords stem cell, cell therapy, cell transplantation, cartilage, chondral, and chondrogenic.

Study Selection: Forty-five articles were identified that employed local mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for joint disorders in humans.

Muscle injuries of the lower leg.

Muscle injuries of the lower leg are a common cause for time off from sports, and may also be a cause of disability in nonathletes who have a running or "pushing off" injury as part of their activities of daily living. Most injuries can be managed without imaging, but in selected cases advanced imaging techniques can demonstrate the exact site and extent of the injury and potentially modify rehabilitation and return to sports. In experienced hands ultrasonography can identify the location of muscle injuries as well as aid in hematoma aspiration.