Enantiomer-selective pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and sex effects of various alpha-lipoic acid dosage forms.

The present study aimed to examine the enantiomer-selective pharmacokinetics (PK), relative bioavailability (Frel), and sex effects of various oral dosage forms of racemic alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). In an open-label, randomized, four-period, four-sequence crossover study, 24 healthy adult subjects (12 males and 12 females) received single doses of 600 mg of ALA in fasted state at four different occasions as follows: three 200 mg tablets (T 200); two 300 mg tablets (T 300); one 600 mg tablet (T 600); and a racemic ALA solution (OS). All tablet formulations (Thioctacid HR) were considered test treatments, while the OS (Thioctacid, 600 T) served as the reference treatment.

Tramadol SR Formulations : Pharmacokinetic Comparison of a Multiple-Units Dose (Capsule) versus a Single-Unit Dose (Tablet).

Introduction: Different oral sustained-release (SR) formulations of tramadol have been introduced in pain treatment in order to prolong the dosage interval to improve convenience for the patient. The objective of this study was to compare tramadol pharmacokinetics and intra- and intersubject variability after replicate single-dose administrations of a multiple-units SR formulation (capsule) and a single-unit formulation (tablet).

Methods: This was a randomised, single-dose, single-centre study with an open-label, four-period, two-sequence, two-formulation, replicate crossover design in healthy subjects under fed conditions.

Synergistic effects of the anti-cholinergic R,R-glycopyrrolate with anti-inflammatory drugs.

Currently, much effort is geared towards developing therapies that impact on the inflammation in respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD, assuming that this will improve disease pathology. R,R-Glycopyrrolate, a quaternary ammonium compound, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist with the potential to be used as a long-acting bronchodilator in patients with asthma and COPD. In this study we evaluated whether the combination of R,R-glycopyrrolate with known anti-inflammatory drugs results in synergistic effects.