Bear baiting risks and mitigations: An assessment using expert opinion analyses.

Bear baiting is authorized in 12 states, 2 territories, and 8 provinces across North America. In Alaska, more than 70% of lands managed by the National Park Service (NPS) are open to some form of hunting including National Preserves where non-conflicting state wildlife hunting regulations apply. Alaska state regulations authorize bear baiting with few restrictions on the type or amount of bait that can be used to attract bears; although, restrictions related to bait station distance from roads and trails (¼ mile) and cabins/dwellings (1 mile) apply.

Photovoltaics at multi-terawatt scale: Waiting is not an option.

25% annual PV growth is possible over the next decade.

The long-term impact of glucose monitoring with the FreeStyle Libre on glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia awareness in people with type 1 diabetes: Insights from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists national audit.

Aims: To investigate the change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), hypoglycaemia awareness and diabetes-related distress in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using FreeStyle Libre (FSL) over a 2-year follow-up period.

Methods: FSL user data from U.K wide hospitals collected during routine clinical care were analysed.

The German Lipoprotein Apheresis Registry-Summary of the ninth annual report.

During 2012-2020, 89 German apheresis centers collected retrospective and prospective observational data of 2028 patients undergoing regular lipoprotein apheresis (LA) for the German Lipoprotein Apheresis Registry (GLAR). More than 47 500 LA sessions are documented in GLAR. In 2020, all patients treated with LA showed a high immediate median reduction rate of LDL-C (68.

Time in range following flash glucose monitoring: Relationship with glycaemic control, diabetes-related distress and resource utilisation in the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists national audit.

Aims: The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between time in range (TIR) achieved using the isCGM with changes in glycaemic control, diabetes-related distress (DRD) and resource utilisation in people living with diabetes.

Methods: Clinicians from 106 National Health System (NHS) UK hospitals submitted isCGM user baseline and follow-up data in a web-based tool held within the UK NHS network. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between follow-up glucose TIR (3.

Blimp1 Prevents Methylation of Foxp3 and Loss of Regulatory T Cell Identity at Sites of Inflammation.

Foxp3 regulatory T (Treg) cells restrict immune pathology in inflamed tissues; however, an inflammatory environment presents a threat to Treg cell identity and function. Here, we establish a transcriptional signature of central nervous system (CNS) Treg cells that accumulate during experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and identify a pathway that maintains Treg cell function and identity during severe inflammation. This pathway is dependent on the transcriptional regulator Blimp1, which prevents downregulation of Foxp3 expression and "toxic" gain-of-function of Treg cells in the inflamed CNS.

Defining the target prior to prostate fusion biopsy: the effect of MRI reporting on cancer detection.

Purpose: Definition of targets in multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) prior to MRI/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy either by urologist or radiologist, as a prose report or by illustration is crucial for accurate targeted biopsies (TB). The objective was to analyze the effect of MRI reporting on target definition and cancer detection.

Methods: 202 patients underwent MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy with Artemis™ (Eigen, USA).

Epitaxy of Ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) Films via Removable PTFE Templates and Its Application in Semiconducting/Ferroelectric Blend Resistive Memory.

Ferroelectric polymer based devices exhibit great potentials in low-cost and flexible electronics. To meet the requirements of both low voltage operation and low energy consumption, thickness of ferroelectric polymer films is usually required to be less than, for example, 100 nm. However, decrease of film thickness is also accompanied by the degradation of both crystallinity and ferroelectricity and also the increase of current leakage, which surely degrades device performance.

First data from the German Lipoprotein Apheresis Registry (GLAR).

Objective: In recent years the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), a paramount decision-making body of the German health care system challenged the approval of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for regular reimbursement, including lipoprotein apheresis therapy. Years before an interdisciplinary German apheresis working group, established by members of both German Societies of Nephrology (Verband Deutsche Nierenzentren (VDN), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nephrologie (DGfN)), initiated a revision of the indication of lipoprotein apheresis therapy according to current guidelines and recommendations for the treatment of lipid disorders. This working group was convinced, that data derived from a registry would support lipoprotein apheresis as a therapy for severe hyperlipidemic patients suffering from progressive cardiovascular diseases.

Impact of the German Lipoprotein Apheresis Registry (DLAR) on therapeutic options to reduce increased Lp(a) levels.

Background: The German Lipoprotein Apheresis Registry (DLAR) has been initiated by members of the Nephrology Foundation (WiNe), the German association of kidney centres (DN), the German society of nephrology (DGfN) and additional medical associations taking part in the apheresis working group. Its goal is the introduction of a substantial database, suitable to provide statistical evidence for the assessment of extracorporeal procedures. Data have been added to the DLAR since October 2011.

Gene expression in the Gitr locus is regulated by NF-κB and Foxp3 through an enhancer.

Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR (Gitr) and Ox40, two members of the TNFR superfamily, play important roles in regulating activities of effector and regulatory T cells (Treg). Their gene expression is induced by T cell activation and further upregulated in Foxp3+ Treg. Although the role of Foxp3 as a transcriptional repressor in Treg is well established, the mechanisms underlying Foxp3-mediated transcriptional upregulation remain poorly understood.

TGF-β-mediated Foxp3 gene expression is cooperatively regulated by Stat5, Creb, and AP-1 through CNS2.

Foxp3 plays an important role in the development and the function of regulatory T cells (Treg). Both the induction and maintenance of Foxp3 gene expression are controlled by several regulatory regions including two enhancers in the conserved noncoding sequences (CNS). The functions of Enhancer 1 in CNS1 are well established, whereas those of Enhancer 2 in CNS2 remain unclear.

Global DNA hypomethylation prevents consolidation of differentiation programs and allows reversion to the embryonic stem cell state.

DNA methylation patterns change dynamically during mammalian development and lineage specification, yet scarce information is available about how DNA methylation affects gene expression profiles upon differentiation. Here we determine genome-wide transcription profiles during undirected differentiation of severely hypomethylated (Dnmt1⁻/⁻) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as well as ESCs completely devoid of DNA methylation (Dnmt1⁻/⁻;Dnmt3a⁻/⁻;Dnmt3b⁻/⁻ or TKO) and assay their potential to transit in and out of the ESC state. We find that the expression of only few genes mainly associated with germ line function and the X chromosome is affected in undifferentiated TKO ESCs.

mTOR signalling and metabolic regulation of T cell differentiation.

T cells constantly monitor energy status and nutrient levels in order to adjust metabolic pathways according to their nutritional status and other environmental stimuli. It is increasingly evident that the regulation of cellular metabolism is tightly coupled to T cell differentiation that ultimately determines the cellular fate. The mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has emerged as a key player in sensing these nutritional/energetic signals and in addition, acts as a major integrator of growth factor induced signals, so placing mTOR at the core of a signalling network controlling metabolism and cellular fate.

Picornavirales, a proposed order of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a pseudo-T = 3 virion architecture.

Despite the apparent natural grouping of "picorna-like" viruses, the taxonomical significance of this putative "supergroup" was never addressed adequately. We recently proposed to the ICTV that an order should be created and named Picornavirales, to include viruses infecting eukaryotes that share similar properties: (i) a positive-sense RNA genome, usually with a 5'-bound VPg and 3'-polyadenylated, (ii) genome translation into autoproteolytically processed polyprotein(s), (iii) capsid proteins organized in a module containing three related jelly-roll domains which form small icosahedral, non-enveloped particles with a pseudo-T = 3 symmetry, and (iv) a three-domain module containing a superfamily III helicase, a (cysteine) proteinase with a chymotrypsin-like fold and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. According to the above criteria, the order Picornavirales includes the families Picornaviridae, Comoviridae, Dicistroviridae, Marnaviridae, Sequiviridae and the unassigned genera Cheravirus, Iflavirus and Sadwavirus.

Differential adsorption of occluded and nonoccluded insect-pathogenic viruses to soil-forming minerals.

Soil represents the principal environmental reservoir of many insect-pathogenic viruses. We compared the adsorption and infectivity of one occluded and two nonoccluded viruses, Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) (Baculoviridae), Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) (Dicistroviridae), and Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV-6) (Iridoviridae), respectively, in mixtures with a selection of soil-forming minerals. The relative infective titers of HaSNPV and CrPV were unchanged or slightly reduced in the presence of different minerals compared to their titers in the absence of the mineral.

Importance of virus-medium interactions on the biological activity of wild-type Heliothine nucleopolyhedroviruses propagated via suspension insect cell cultures.

In vitro serial passaging of nucleopolyhedroviruses often results in virus instability, leading to reduction of both yield and biological activity of polyhedra (virus occlusion bodies). In this study, uncloned Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) and cloned Helicoverpa zea single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV) were each serially passaged five times in both low cost (VPM) and commercial (Excell 401) media using H. zea cell cultures.

Effective control of a field population of Helicoverpa armigera by using the small RNA virus Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus (Tetraviridae: Omegatetravirus).

The first comprehensive field trial using an insect small RNA virus as a control agent on a cropping system was conducted with the Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus (family Tetraviridae, genus Omegatetravirus, HaSV). The virus was semipurified, quantified, and applied at two rates, 4 x 10(15) and 4 x 10(14) virus particles/ha, with minimal formulation on sorghum against the bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). For comparison, a commercial preparation of Helicoverpa zea single-nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV, Gemstar) was applied at the same time at 9.

Functionality of the 5'- and intergenic IRES elements of cricket paralysis virus in a range of insect cell lines, and its relationship with viral activities.

Cricket paralysis virus (Dicistroviridae: Cripavirus) (CrPV) naturally has a wide range of insect hosts which is reflected in its ability to infect several cultured insect cell lines. The expression of viral gene products is controlled by two kinds of internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements, 5' and intergenic (IG). Using seven cultured cell lines we tested the functionality of both IRES elements by transfection with bi-cistronic RNA constructs.