Exploration of Materials for Three-Dimensional NMR Microcoil Production via CNC Micromilling and Laser Etching.

The excellent versatility of 5-axis computer numerical control (CNC) micromilling has led to its application for prototyping NMR microcoils tailored to mass-limited samples (reducing development time and cost). However, vibrations during 5-axis milling can hinder the creation of complex 3D volume microcoils (i.e.

Development of Low-Magnetic Susceptibility Microcoils via 5-Axis Machining for Analysis of Biological and Environmental Samples.

In environmental research, it is critical to understand how toxins impact invertebrate eggs and egg banks, which, due to their tiny size, are very challenging to study by conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Microcoil technology has been extensively utilized to enhance the mass-sensitivity of NMR. In a previous study, 5-axis computer numerical control (CNC) micromilling (shown to be a viable alternative to traditional microcoil production methods) was used to create a prototype copper slotted-tube resonator (STR).

Exploring the Applications of Carbon-Detected NMR in Living and Dead Organisms Using a C-Optimized Comprehensive Multiphase NMR Probe.

Comprehensive multiphase-nuclear magnetic resonance (CMP-NMR) is a non-invasive approach designed to observe all phases (solutions, gels, and solids) in intact samples using a single NMR probe. Studies of dead and living organisms are important to understand processes ranging from biological growth to environmental stress. Historically, such studies have utilized H-based phase editing for the detection of soluble/swollen components and H-detected 2D NMR for metabolite assignments/screening.

Evaluation of double-tuned single-sided planar microcoils for the analysis of small C enriched biological samples using H- C 2D heteronuclear correlation NMR spectroscopy.

Microcoils provide a cost-effective approach to improve detection limits for mass-limited samples. Single-sided planar microcoils are advantageous in comparison to volume coils, in that the sample can simply be placed on top. However, the considerable drawback is that the RF field that is produced by the coil decreases with distance from the coil surface, which potentially limits more complex multi-pulse NMR pulse sequences.

Comprehensive Multiphase NMR Probehead with Reduced Radiofrequency Heating Improves the Analysis of Living Organisms and Heat-Sensitive Samples.

Comprehensive multiphase (CMP) NMR, first described in 2012, combines all of the hardware components necessary to analyze all phases (solid, gel, and solution) in samples in their natural state. In combination with spectral editing experiments, it can fully differentiate phases and study the transfer of chemical species across and between phases, providing unprecedented molecular-level information in unaltered natural systems. However, many natural samples, such as swollen soils, plants, and small organisms, contain water, salts, and ionic compounds, making them electrically lossy and susceptible to RF heating, especially when using high-strength RF fields required to select the solid domains.

Expanding current applications and permitting the analysis of larger intact samples by means of a 7 mm CMP-NMR probe.

Comprehensive multiphase NMR combines the ability to study and differentiate all phases (solids, gels, and liquids) using a single NMR probe. The general goal of CMP-NMR is to study intact environmental and biological samples to better understand conformation, organization, association, and transfer between and across phases/interfaces that may be lost with conventional sample preparation such as drying or solubilization. To date, all CMP-NMR studies have used 4 mm probes and rotors.

Comprehensive Multiphase NMR of whole organisms: A complementary tool to NMR.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive analytical technique which allows for the study of intact samples. Comprehensive Multiphase NMR (CMP-NMR) combines techniques and hardware from solution state and solid state NMR to allow for the holistic analysis of all phases (i.e.

5-Axis CNC Micromilling for Rapid, Cheap, and Background-Free NMR Microcoils.

The superior mass sensitivity of microcoil technology in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides potential for the analysis of extremely small-mass-limited samples such as eggs, cells, and tiny organisms. For optimal performance and efficiency, the size of the microcoil should be tailored to the size of the mass-limited sample of interest, which can be costly as mass-limited samples come in many shapes and sizes. Therefore, rapid and economic microcoil production methods are needed.

Spinal cord neural network interactions: implications for sympathetic control of the porcine heart.

Inherent and acquired factors determine the integrated autonomic response to cardiovascular stressors. Excessive sympathoexcitation to ischemic stress is a major contributor to the potential for sudden cardiac death. To define fundamental aspects of cardiac-related autonomic neural network interactions within the thoracic cord, specifically as related to modulating sympathetic preganglionic (SPN) neural activity.

New records of coral-associated crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Carpilioidea, Trapezoidea) from Easter Island.

A review is made of those brachyurans that are symbiotic or otherwise associated with scleractinian corals on Easter Island, southeastern Pacific Ocean. A total of seven species is reported, including three species from two families not previously known from the island. Earlier records of Trapezia are analyzed and, although as many as six species have been previously reported, we conclude that only three species are known to occur on the island with certainty.

Revision of the family Chasmocarcinidae Serène, 1964 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Goneplacoidea).

The family Chasmocarcinidae Serène, 1964, is revised based on the examination of the type material of many of its species as well as unidentified and previously identified material from around the world. The revised family now consists of three subfamilies comprising 16 genera (including eight described as new) and 51 species (including 19 described as new). The subfamily Chasmocarciinae Serène, 1964, consists of Amboplax n.

New species of Latreillopsis Henderson, 1888 (Brachyura: Homolidae) and Neopalicus Moosa & Serène, 1981 (Brachyura: Palicidae) from the Hawaiian Islands.

Two new species of brachyuran crabs belonging to Latreillopsis Henderson, 1888 (Homolidae) and Neopalicus Moosa & Serène, 1981 (Palicidae) respectively are described from Maui, Hawai'i. The new species of Latreillopsis is distinguished from its nine congeners by a granular carapace and pereopods, a triangular G1, and by the distinctive ornamentation of its carapace and third maxillipeds; the new species of Neopalicus from its three congeners by the presence of three triangular anterolateral teeth, absence of extensions on the outer margins of the P3 and P4 propodi, dentate inner margins of the P3, P4 dactyli, and absence of ridges on the female abdomen. Also listed is Latreillia metanesa Williams, 1982 (Latreilliidae), recorded for the first time from the archipelago since its description from Albatross material collected in 1902.

Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa.

The patterns of complexity of the male and female sexual openings in Brachyura, which have been the source of uncertainties and conflicting opinions, are documented, together with a study of the morphologies of the coxal and sternal gonopores in both sexes, penises, spermathecae, and gonopods. The vulvae, male gonopores and penises are described among selected taxa of Eubrachyura, and their function and evolution examined in the context of a wide variety of mating behaviours. The location of female and male gonopores, the condition of the penis (coxal and sternal openings and modalities of protection), and related configurations of thoracic sternites 7 and 8, which are modified by the intercalation of a wide sternal part (thoracic sternites 7 and 8) during carcinisation, show evidence of deep homology.

On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species.

A revision of Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae) has resulted in the description of two new species of Scalopidia from the Indian Ocean and Papua New Guinea, as well as a new genus and new species from Madagascar. The type species of Scalopidia, S. spinosipes Stimpson, 1858, is redescribed and Hypophthalmus leuchochirus Richters, in Lenz & Richters, 1881, is synonymised with S.

Solid state deuteron relaxation time anisotropy measured with multiple echo acquisition.

The signal to noise ratio of solid state deuteron NMR line shapes can be significantly improved by recording multiple echoes, generated either by a quadrupole Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse train (QCPMG) or by magic angle spinning (MAS). It is shown in this article, theoretically and experimentally, that when these techniques are used to record partially relaxed spectra, the relaxation times of Zeeman order, T(1Z), and quadrupole order, T(1Q), measured for individual side bands in QCPMG experiments preserve relaxation time anisotropy, while rotational side bands in MAS spectra do not. The relaxation times of individual QCPMG sidebands are not identical to those measured at the same frequencies on partially relaxed quadrupole echo powder patterns, and must be computed by explicit simulation.

Mosquito production in stormwater treatment devices in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California.

In response to increasing evidence of mosquito production in structural stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs), a collaborative project was developed to document the occurrence, species composition, and seasonal abundance of mosquitoes from selected urban and highway BMPs in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California. Structural and environmental factors associated with mosquito production in highway BMPs were identified and analyzed. Ten species of mosquitoes were collected from 47 BMPs, including Culex tarsalis, Culiseta incidens, Cs.

High field 207Pb spin-lattice relaxation in solid lead nitrate and lead molybdate.

Spin-lattice relaxation rates of lead have been measured at 17.6 T (156.9 MHz) as a function of temperature in polycrystalline lead nitrate and lead molybdate.

A large-scale mutagenesis screen to identify seizure-resistant zebrafish.

Purpose: Zebrafish are a vertebrate organism ideally suited to mutagenesis screening strategies. Although a genetic basis for seizure susceptibility and epilepsy is well established, no efforts have been made to study seizure resistance. Here we describe a novel strategy to isolate seizure-resistant zebrafish mutants from a large-scale mutagenesis screen.

Hinged molecular capsules: synthesis and conformational control via temperature, pH, or solvent composition.

Three new covalently linked molecular capsules were synthesized from their resorcinarene cavitand precursors in good yields. The capsules undergo reversible conformational switching between the closed "vase" form and the open "kite" form upon temperature or pH variation. The kite conformation obtained via either method in CDCl(3) switches to vase conformation upon addition of polar solvents such as acetone-d(6) or THF-d(8).

Quantitative analysis of left atrial function during left ventricular ischemia with and without left atrial ischemia: a real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic study.

Left atrial (LA) systolic and diastolic function were analyzed in an animal model of acute left ventricular ischemia with LA ischemia by proximal left circumflex coronary artery occlusion or without LA ischemia by midleft anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (7 sheep in each group). LA pressures and LA volumes were simultaneously recorded using a catheter and real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography, respectively. LA stroke volume represented 63% of left ventricular stroke volume during left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, but only 32% during left circumflex coronary artery occlusion.

Structure of pyrR (Rv1379) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a persistence gene and protein drug target.

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis pyrR gene (Rv1379) encodes a protein that regulates the expression of pyrimidine-nucleotide biosynthesis (pyr) genes in a UMP-dependent manner. Because pyrimidine biosynthesis is an essential step in the progression of TB, the gene product pyrR is an attractive antitubercular drug target. The 1.

THE BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEW, A METHOD TO EVALUATE ACGME COMPETENCIES IN RESIDENT SELECTION: A PILOT PROJECT.

Interviews are a key part of the recruiting process in resident selection. Most programs use an unstructured resume-based interview. In 1999, the ACGME endorsed six competencies including behaviors as well as knowledge.

Quinoxaline excision: a novel approach to tri- and diquinoxaline cavitands.

[structure: see text] Selective excision of one or two quinoxaline units from tetraquinoxaline cavitand using catechol and base in DMF yields tri- and diquinoxaline cavitands in yields of up to 71%.

Y5 receptors mediate neuropeptide Y actions at excitatory synapses in area CA3 of the mouse hippocampus.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent modulator of excitatory synaptic transmission and limbic seizures. NPY is abundantly expressed in the dentate gyrus and is thought to modulate hippocampal excitability via activation of presynaptic Y2 receptors (Y2R). Here we demonstrate that NPY, and commonly used Y2R-preferring (NPY(13-36)) and Y5 receptor (Y5R)-preferring ([D-Trp(32)]NPY and hPP) peptide agonists, evoke similar levels of inhibition at excitatory CA3 synapses in hippocampal slices from wild-type control mice (WT).