Newer, Older, and Alternative Agents for the Eradication of Infection: A Narrative Review.

Although discovered 40 years ago, infection is still raising diagnostic and therapeutic problems today. The infection is currently managed based on statements in several guidelines, but implementing them in practice is a long process. Increasing antibiotic resistance and weak compliance of the patients limit the efficacy of eradication regimens, leaving much room for improvement.

eaberry in the treatment of acute uncoplcated cystitis (BRUMI): protocol of a multicentre, randomised double-blind clinical trial.

Background: Bearberry () leaf is available as a treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in several European countries. The antimicrobial activity of its extracts and some of its individual constituents has been observed ; however, the efficacy of bearberry compared with standard antimicrobial therapy has not been assessed yet.

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the safety and non-inferiority of bearberry as an alternative therapy in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in comparison with standard antibiotic therapy (fosfomycin).

Anti-inflammatory effects of lavender and eucalyptus essential oils on the in vitro cell culture model of bladder pain syndrome using T24 cells.

Background: Interstitial cystitis (IC) has a chronic chemical irritation and inflammation of non-bacterial origin in the bladder wall leading to various severe symptoms. There is evidence that chronic inflammation is significantly associated with abnormal urothelial barrier function, epithelial dysfunction. This is the underlying cause of urothelial apoptosis and sterile inflammation.

[Ocular manifestations and management of Fusarium and Sarocladium infections].

Since 2017, the nomenclature of Fusarium, Acremonium and Sarocladium species have changed, as these morphologically homogeneous, but phylogenetically heterogeneous species and species complexes may be differentiated using MALDI-TOF MS examination, analyzing nucleotic sequences. This resulted in taxonomical changes. We summarize the clinical course, diagnostic and therapeutic options of keratitis caused by Fusarium and Sarocladium.

Age-dependent changes in ion channel mRNA expression in canine cardiac tissues.

The expression pattern of cardiac ion channels displays marked changes during ontogeny. This study was designed to follow the developmental changes in the expression of major ventricular and atrial ion channel proteins (including both pore forming and regulatory subunits) in canine cardiac tissues at the mRNA level using competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, the corresponding mRNA levels were compared in myocardial tissues excised from embryonic (25-60 days of gestation) and adult (2-3 years old) canine hearts.

SEA0400 fails to alter the magnitude of intracellular Ca2+ transients and contractions in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig heart.

SEA0400 is a recently developed inhibitor of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) shown to suppress both forward and reverse mode operation of NCX. Present experiments were designed to study the effect of partial blockade of NCX on Ca handling and contractility in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts loaded with the fluorescent Ca-sensitive dye fura-2. Left ventricular pressure and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were synchronously recorded before and after cumulative superfusion with 0.

Effects of ropivacaine on action potential configuration and ion currents in isolated canine ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Background: Despite the widespread clinical application of ropivacaine, there is little information on the cellular cardiac effects of the drug. In the current study, therefore, the concentration-dependent effects of ropivacaine on action potential morphology and the underlying ion currents were studied and compared with those of bupivacaine in isolated canine ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Methods: Action potentials were recorded from the enzymatically dispersed cells using sharp microelectrodes.

The Na+/Ca2+ exchange blocker SEA0400 fails to enhance cytosolic Ca2+ transient and contractility in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) inhibitor SEA0400 on Ca(2+) handling in isolated canine ventricular myocytes.

Methods And Results: Intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) transients, induced by either field stimulation or caffeine flush, were monitored using Ca(2+) indicator dyes. [Ca(2+)](i)-dependent modulation of the inhibitory effect of SEA0400 on NCX was characterized by the changes in Ni(2+)-sensitive current in voltage-clamped myocytes.

Contribution of I Ks to ventricular repolarization in canine myocytes.

The role of the slow delayed rectifier K(+) current (I (Ks)) in cardiac repolarization seems to be largely influenced by the experimental conditions including the species and tissue studied. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of I (Ks) to repolarization in canine ventricular myocytes by measuring the frequency dependent action potential lengthening effect of 10 microM chromanol 293B using sharp microelectrodes. Pretreatment with isoproterenol (2 nM), E-4031 (1 microM), and injection of inward current pulses were applied to modify action potential configuration.

L-364,373 fails to activate the slow delayed rectifier K+ current in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Activators of the slow delayed rectifier K+ current (I(Ks)) are promising tools to suppress ventricular arrhythmias originating from prolongation of action potentials. A recently synthesized compound, L-364,373, was shown to activate I(Ks) in ventricular cells isolated from guinea pigs and rabbits. Due to the interspecies differences known to exist in the properties of the delayed rectifier K+ currents, the effect of L-364,373 on I(Ks) was studied and compared with that of another I(Ks) activator mefenamic acid in canine ventricular myocytes.

Effects of SEA0400 and KB-R7943 on Na+/Ca2+ exchange current and L-type Ca2+ current in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes.

SEA0400 and KB-R7943 are compounds synthesised to block transsarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (I(Na/Ca)); however, they have also been shown to inhibit L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca)). The potential value of these compounds depends critically on their relative selectivity for I(Na/Ca) over I(Ca). In the present work, therefore, the concentration-dependent effects of SEA0400 and KB-R7943 on I(Na/Ca) and I(Ca) were studied and compared in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes using the whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique.