The turbulent soundscape of intertidal oyster reefs.

Turbulence and sound are important cues for oyster reef larval recruitment. Numerous studies have found a relationship between turbulence intensity and swimming behaviors of marine larvae, while others have documented the importance of sounds in enhancing larval recruitment to oyster reefs. However, the relationship between turbulence and the reef soundscape is not well understood.

Seafloor primary production in a changing Arctic Ocean.

Phytoplankton and sea ice algae are traditionally considered to be the main primary producers in the Arctic Ocean. In this Perspective, we explore the importance of benthic primary producers (BPPs) encompassing microalgae, macroalgae, and seagrasses, which represent a poorly quantified source of Arctic marine primary production. Despite scarce observations, models predict that BPPs are widespread, colonizing ~3 million km of the extensive Arctic coastal and shelf seas.

Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes.

Unlabelled: Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C.

MAKING WAVES: Effluent to estuary: Does sunshine or shade reduce downstream footprints of cities?

Riparian tree canopies are key components of river systems, and influence the provision of many essential ecosystem services. Their management provides the potential for substantial control of the downstream persistence of pollutants. The recent advent of new advances in mass spectrometry to detect a large suite of emerging contaminants, high-frequency observations of water quality and gas exchange (e.

Preventing the next fragility fracture: a cross-sectional survey of secondary fragility fracture prevention services worldwide.

Background: There has been an increasing awareness of the public health impact of fragility fractures due to osteoporosis and the imperative of addressing this health burden with well-designed secondary fragility fracture prevention services (SFFPS). The objectives of this survey, conducted within the international membership of the Fragility Fracture Network (FFN), were to identify gaps in services and identify the needs for further training and mentorship to improve the quality of SFFPS provided to patients who sustain fragility fractures.

Methods: We conducted an electronic cross-sectional survey of FFN Secondary Fracture Prevention Special Interest Group (SIG) members from April 2021 to June 2021 using SurveyMonkey.

Comment on "Breakdown of electroneutrality in nanopores".

Levy et al. [1] reported the breakdown of electroneutrality in confined nanopores embedded in a dielectric medium. A Robin boundary condition was derived which eliminates the need to include the dielectric medium explicitly when solving for the electric field within the nanopore.

The nanofluidic capacitor: Differential capacitance in the absence of reservoirs.

Within the framework of the classical, mean-field Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) theory, we carry out direct numerical simulations to determine the differential capacitance of a closed nanochannel of a circular cross section, embedded in a polymeric host with charged walls and sealed at both ends by metal electrodes under an external potential bias. Our approach employs the modified PB equation, which accounts for the finite size of ions and the dependency of the electrolyte's relative permittivity on the local electric field. In view of the absence of reservoirs, the modified PB equation becomes subject to global algebraic constraints, without prior knowledge of a bulk electrolyte concentration.

Forest edge effects on moss growth are amplified by drought.

Forest fragmentation increases the amount of edges in the landscape. Differences in wind, radiation, and vegetation structure create edge-to-interior gradients in forest microclimate, and these gradients are likely to be more pronounced during droughts and heatwaves. Although the effects of climate extremes on edge influences have potentially strong and long-lasting impacts on forest understory biodiversity, they are not well understood and are not often considered in management and landscape planning.

Interactive effects of drought and edge exposure on old-growth forest understory species.

Context: Both climatic extremes and land-use change constitute severe threats to biodiversity, but their interactive effects remain poorly understood. In forest ecosystems, the effects of climatic extremes can be exacerbated at forest edges.

Objectives: We explored the hypothesis that an extreme summer drought reduced the richness and coverage of old-growth forest species, particularly in forest patches with high edge exposure.

Room temperature synthesis of perylene diimides facilitated by high amic acid solubility.

A novel protocol for the synthesis of perylene diimides (PDIs), by reacting perylene dianhydride (PDA) with aliphatic amines is reported. Full conversions were obtained at temperatures between 20 and 60 °C, using DBU as the base in DMF or DMSO. A "green" synthesis of PDIs, that runs at higher temperatures, was developed using KCO in DMSO.

Aquatic Eddy Covariance: The Method and Its Contributions to Defining Oxygen and Carbon Fluxes in Marine Environments.

Aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) is increasingly being used to study benthic oxygen (O) flux dynamics, organic carbon cycling, and ecosystem health in marine and freshwater environments. Because it is a noninvasive technique, has a high temporal resolution (∼15 min), and integrates over a large area of the seafloor (typically 10-100 m), it has provided new insights on the functioning of aquatic ecosystems under naturally varying in situ conditions and has given us more accurate assessments of their metabolism. In this review, we summarize biogeochemical, ecological, and biological insightsgained from AEC studies of marine ecosystems.

Covid-19 given opportunity to use ultrasound in the plaster room to continue secondary fracture prevention care: A retrospective Fracture Liaison Service study.

Introduction: Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) managed secondary fracture prevention services have been hampered during the COVID-19 pandemic. A challenging opportunity is to use pulse-echo ultrasound (P-EU) in the plaster room. The study had two objectives: can P-EU help our decision to justly avoid DXA/VFA scans in plaster treated women (50-70 years) after fracture and whether its use can encourage or nudge all plaster treated patients (>50 years) who need DXA/VFA scans.

Multi-loop atomic Sagnac interferometry.

The sensitivity of light and matter-wave interferometers to rotations is based on the Sagnac effect and increases with the area enclosed by the interferometer. In the case of light, the latter can be enlarged by forming multiple fibre loops, whereas the equivalent for matter-wave interferometers remains an experimental challenge. We present a concept for a multi-loop atom interferometer with a scalable area formed by light pulses.

Random pore-network model for polymer electrolyte membranes.

A random pore-network model for polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) is presented that couples the flow of protons and water through cylindrical channels to the swelling of the membrane. While the flows are determined by closed-form solutions of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Stokes equations, the fluid-structure interaction is described by a pressure balance at the channel walls. Macroscopic membrane properties, such as the conductivity, permeability and electro-osmotic coefficient, are computed and compared to experimental data in the literature.

Towards advancing scientific knowledge of climate change impacts on short-duration rainfall extremes.

A large number of recent studies have aimed at understanding short-duration rainfall extremes, due to their impacts on flash floods, landslides and debris flows and potential for these to worsen with global warming. This has been led in a concerted international effort by the INTENSE Crosscutting Project of the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Exchanges) Hydroclimatology Panel. Here, we summarize the main findings so far and suggest future directions for research, including: the benefits of convection-permitting climate modelling; towards understanding mechanisms of change; the usefulness of temperature-scaling relations; towards detecting and attributing extreme rainfall change; and the need for international coordination and collaboration.

Osteoporosis care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands: A national survey.

Unlabelled: This is a survey study concerning osteoporosis care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands. Respondents reported that osteoporosis care stagnated and lower quality of care was provided. This leads to the conclusion that standardization of osteoporosis care delivery in situations of crisis is needed.

The greenhouse gas offset potential from seagrass restoration.

Awarding CO offset credits may incentivize seagrass restoration projects and help reverse greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from global seagrass loss. However, no study has quantified net GHG removal from the atmosphere from a seagrass restoration project, which would require coupled C stock and GHG flux enhancement measurements, or determined whether the creditable offset benefit can finance the restoration. We measured all of the necessary GHG accounting parameters in the 7-km Zostera marina (eelgrass) meadow in Virginia, U.

The use of pulse-echo ultrasound in women with a recent non-vertebral fracture to identify those without osteoporosis and/or a subclinical vertebral fracture: a pilot study.

Unlabelled: A pilot study on the use of P-EU to identify patients without osteoporosis and/or a subclinical vertebral fracture after a recently sustained non-vertebral fracture (NVF).

Introduction: Screening with portable devices at emergency departments or plaster rooms could be of interest to limit referrals for dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and vertebral fracture assessment (VFA). We calculated the number of negative tests for osteoporosis and/or subclinical vertebral fractures (VFs) using pulse-echo ultrasonometry (P-UE) at different thresholds.

Asymmetric double-layer charging in a cylindrical nanopore under closed confinement.

This article presents a physical-mathematical treatment and numerical simulations of electric double layer charging in a closed, finite, and cylindrical nanopore of circular cross section, embedded in a polymeric host with charged walls and sealed at both ends by metal electrodes under an external voltage bias. Modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations were used to account for finite ion sizes, subject to an electroneutrality condition. The time evolution of the formation and relaxation of the double layers was explored.

Drone retinopathy.

Purpose: To report a case of solar retinopathy due to inadvertent exposure to the sun while piloting a drone without protective eyewear.

Methods: A 29-year-old male underwent a complete eye exam including optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula.

Results: Bilateral juxtafoveal outer retinal microcystic cavities present on OCT consistent with solar retinopathy.

Ultrasonic Synthetic-Aperture Interface Imaging.

Synthetic-aperture (SA) imaging is a popular method to visualize the reflectivity of an object from ultrasonic reflections. The method yields an image of the (volume) contrast in acoustic impedance with respect to the embedding. Typically, constant mass density is assumed in the underlying derivation.

Does Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Have an Added Value to Clinical Assessment in Predicting Upper-Limb Function Very Early After Severe Stroke?

Background: The added prognostic value of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) to clinical modeling for the upper limb is still unknown early poststroke.

Objective: To determine the added prognostic value of TMS of the adductor digiti minimi (TMS-ADM) to the clinical model based on voluntary shoulder abduction (SA) and finger extension (FE) during the first 48 hours and at 11 days after stroke.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study with 3 logistic regression models, developed to predict upper-limb function at 6 months poststroke.

Treatment of menstrual migraine; multidisciplinary or mono-disciplinary approach.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare a multidisciplinary approach of menstrual (related) migraine, combining the neurological and gynaecological consultation, to a mono-disciplinary approach involving neurological treatment. There is a clear relationship between the menstruation cycle and the occurrence of migraine (menstrual migraine). Nowadays the treatment of menstrual (related) migraine is performed by a neurologist.

Single-Cell Analysis of the Dps Response to Oxidative Stress.

Unlabelled: Microorganisms have developed an elaborate spectrum of mechanisms to respond and adapt to environmental stress conditions. Among these is the expression of dps, coding for the DNA-binding protein from starved cells. Dps becomes the dominant nucleoid-organizing protein in stationary-phase Escherichia coli cells and is required for robust survival under stress conditions, including carbon or nitrogen starvation, oxidative stress, metal exposure, and irradiation.

Benthic Carbon Mineralization and Nutrient Turnover in a Scottish Sea Loch: An Integrative In Situ Study.

Based on in situ microprofiles, chamber incubations and eddy covariance measurements, we investigated the benthic carbon mineralization and nutrient regeneration in a ~65-m-deep sedimentation basin of Loch Etive, UK. The sediment hosted a considerable amount of infauna that was dominated by the brittle star . The numerous burrows were intensively irrigated enhancing the benthic in situ O uptake by ~50 %, and inducing highly variable redox conditions and O distribution in the surface sediment as also documented by complementary laboratory-based planar optode measurements.