Automated extraction of clinical measures from videos of oculofacial disorders using machine learning: feasibility, validity and reliability.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility, validity and reliability of automatically extracting clinically meaningful eyelid measurements from consumer-grade videos of individuals with oculofacial disorders.

Methods: A custom computer program was designed to automatically extract clinical measures from consumer-grade videos. This program was applied to publicly available videos of individuals with oculofacial disorders, and age-matched controls.

Creating the Moorfields' virtual eye casualty: video consultations to provide emergency teleophthalmology care during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 crisis forced hospitals in the UK dramatically to reduce outpatient activity. To provide continuity of care and to assist patients reluctant or unable to leave their homes, video consultations were rapidly implemented across routine and emergency ophthalmology services.

Objective: To describe the deployment and scaling to a large volume of teleophthalmology using a video consultation platform 'Attend Anywhere' in Moorfields Eye Hospital's accident and emergency (A&E) department (London, UK).

A practical, quantitative, fracture healing endpoint assessment criterion for tibial fractures treated with external fixation.

There is a need for a quick, simple, repeatable, but quantifiable assessment tool to determine the fracture healing endpoint of tibial fractures that does not rely on the use of X-rays or on un-measured manipulation. This article presents an argument to support a 'maximum of 1° bending' criterion. The criterion was established from an examination of patient fracture stiffness profiles and following observations of stiffness measurements made in clinics.

New Model for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Cancer.

Purpose The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential for carboplatin chemotherapy dosing; however, the best method to estimate GFR in patients with cancer is unknown. We identify the most accurate and least biased method. Methods We obtained data on age, sex, height, weight, serum creatinine concentrations, and results for GFR from chromium-51 (Cr) EDTA excretion measurements (Cr-EDTA GFR) from white patients ≥ 18 years of age with histologically confirmed cancer diagnoses at the Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom.

The Cambridge Face Tracker: Accurate, Low Cost Measurement of Head Posture Using Computer Vision and Face Recognition Software.

Purpose: We validate a video-based method of head posture measurement.

Methods: The Cambridge Face Tracker uses neural networks (constrained local neural fields) to recognize facial features in video. The relative position of these facial features is used to calculate head posture.

A Conservatively Managed Anatomical Variant of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle in the Hand.

Anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis muscles in the hand are an uncommon phenomenon, and therefore present challenges in diagnosis and management. We report a case of a 16-year-old girl presenting with a painful, slowly enlarging palmar swelling. The swelling was investigated with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, and was found to be an anomalous muscle belly of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.

A Review of Current Concepts in Flexor Tendon Repair: Physiology, Biomechanics, Surgical Technique and Rehabilitation.

Historically, the surgical treatment of flexor tendon injuries has always been associated with controversy. It was not until 1967, when the paper entitled Primary repair of flexor tendons in no man's land was presented at the American Society of Hand Surgery, which reported excellent results and catalyzed the implementation of this technique into worldwide practice. We present an up to date literature review using PubMed and Google Scholar where the terms flexor tendon, repair and rehabilitation were used.

Association of open-angle glaucoma loci with incident glaucoma in the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine if open-angle glaucoma (OAG)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with incident glaucoma and if such genetic information is useful in OAG risk prediction.

Design: Case-control from within a population-based longitudinal study.

Methods: study population: Individuals aged over 49 years of age living in the Blue Mountains region west of Sydney and enrolled in the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

A multidirectional fracture stiffness model to determine the principal stiffness properties of a healing human tibia.

A model for the stiffness of a fractured human tibia has been developed. The model is based on Mohr's circle of inertia and relies on tibial fracture stiffness being measured in a number of planes. Using in vitro data, it has been shown that this model can be used to identify the principal stiffness values and their associated planes.

Preconditioned donor corneal thickness for microthin endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To describe a novel surgical technique to produce thin endothelial grafts for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods: Thirteen human cadaveric corneas in organ culture were randomized into conventional (n = 7) and microthin (n = 6) DSAEK groups. Grafts in the conventional DSAEK group were prepared using the conventional DSAEK technique of a single microkeratome pass with a 350-μm cutting head.

Single retrograde intramedullary wire fixation of metacarpal shaft fractures.

From 1993 to present day, 110 metacarpal fractures in 89 patients were stabilised using a method of inserting a percutaneous intramedullary wire. This allowed for early unimpeded movement in wrist and hand together with ease of wire removal in clinic. Reduction was maintained in all patients until fracture healing, and there were no malunions.

An automated system for measuring multi-dimensional, time dependent mechanical properties of a human tibial fracture.

An automated loading and measurement device has been developed for assessment of the mechanical properties of a healing human tibial fracture. The characteristics of the device are presented with assessments of errors. This paper constitutes a small part of a long term research project determining a clinically quantifiable end point for fracture healing in humans, hence a sample of results is presented to demonstrate the potential application of the device.

Using dihydropyridine-release strategies to enhance load effects in engineered human bone constructs.

We report on the development of a novel biodegradable scaffold capable of enhancing mechanical signals for tissue-engineering applications. It has been shown that mechanotransduction enhances bone formation in vitro and in vivo; in tissue-engineering applications, this phenomenon is exploited through the use of mechanical bioreactors to generate bone tissue. The dihydropyridine agonist Bay K8644 (Bay) acts to increase the opening time of mechanosensitive voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs), specifi- cally L-type VOCCs, which are known to play a fundamental role in the early mediation of mechanotransduction.