Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Pediatric Patients with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.

Background/objective: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiologic entity, typically manifesting as reversible neurological symptoms and signs of white matter edema on magnetic resonance imaging. PRES has been widely described in adults. Studies of PRES in children are mostly limited to case series and case controls.

A case of bronchial granular cell tumor in a pediatric patient.

Only nine cases of bronchial granular cell tumor have previously been reported in pediatric patients. We present a 15-year-old girl with acute-onset right shoulder pain, discovered to have a granular cell tumor causing bronchial stenosis and a cavitating post-obstructive right upper lobe pneumonia. The patient was treated with lobectomy.

Location of the vertebral artery at C1 in children: how far out laterally can one safely dissect?

Background: There is little information available on the anatomic location of the vertebral artery in pediatric patients undergoing a posterior cervical arthrodesis involving the first cervical vertebra (C1). The purpose of this study was to define how far laterally one can safely dissect posteriorly without risk to the vertebral artery in pediatric patients.

Methods: A subset of computed tomography angiograms of the neck that had been previously obtained in patients at our institution was evaluated.