Mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic crosstalk drive the SASP.

Senescent cells drive tissue dysfunction through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We uncovered a central role for mitochondria in the epigenetic regulation of the SASP, where mitochondrial-derived metabolites, specifically citrate and acetyl-CoA, fuel histone acetylation at SASP gene loci, promoting their expression. We identified the mitochondrial citrate carrier (SLC25A1) and ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) as critical for this process.

Climate Policy Reduces Racial Disparities in Air Pollution from Transportation and Power Generation.

Energy system optimization models facilitate analyses on a national or regional scale. However, understanding the impacts of climate policy on specific populations requires a much higher spatial resolution. Here, we link an energy system optimization model to an integrated assessment model via an emission downscaling algorithm, translating air pollution emissions from nine U.

University-based academic programs in addiction studies in the regions of Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand: An overview.

Introduction: Current trends in the addiction field reflect a significant emphasis on the workforce development and education. There are already some data about university-based addiction studies programs, but not much from Australasia.

Methods: The aim is to provide an overview and describe the academic programs for addiction professionals in Australia and Aotearoa NZ.

Measuring Caribbean stress and resilient coping: Psychometric properties of the PSS-10 and BRCS in a multi-country study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Caribbean health research has overwhelmingly employed measures developed elsewhere and rarely includes evaluation of psychometric properties. Established measures are important for research and practice. Particularly, measures of stress and coping are needed.

The role of the dynamic epigenetic landscape in senescence: orchestrating SASP expression.

Senescence and epigenetic alterations stand out as two well-characterized hallmarks of aging. When cells become senescent, they cease proliferation and release inflammatory molecules collectively termed the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Senescence and SASP are implicated in numerous age-related diseases.

ImAge quantitates aging and rejuvenation.

For efficient, cost-effective and personalized healthcare, biomarkers that capture aspects of functional, biological aging, thus predicting disease risk and lifespan more accurately and reliably than chronological age, are essential. We developed an imaging-based chromatin and epigenetic age (ImAge) that captures intrinsic age-related trajectories of the spatial organization of chromatin and epigenetic marks in single nuclei, in mice. We show that such trajectories readily emerge as principal changes in each individual dataset without regression on chronological age, and that ImAge can be computed using several epigenetic marks and DNA labeling.

Peripheral Arterial Disease prevalence and risk factors in the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network (ECHORN) cohort.

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) indicates generalised atherosclerotic disease but is often asymptomatic. The prevalence and potential risk factors of PAD were studied in ECHORN cohort study participants.

Methods: Representative samples of community-dwelling people ≥40 years of age residing in Barbados, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and the USVI were recruited.

Histone chaperone HIRA, promyelocytic leukemia protein, and p62/SQSTM1 coordinate to regulate inflammation during cell senescence.

Cellular senescence, a stress-induced stable proliferation arrest associated with an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), is a cause of aging. In senescent cells, cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCFs) activate SASP via the anti-viral cGAS/STING pathway. Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein organizes PML nuclear bodies (NBs), which are also involved in senescence and anti-viral immunity.

Evidence for a transfer-to-trap mechanism of fluorophore concentration quenching in lipid bilayers.

It is important to understand the behaviors of fluorescent molecules because, firstly, they are often utilized as probes in biophysical experiments and, secondly, they are crucial cofactors in biological processes such as photosynthesis. A phenomenon called "fluorescence quenching" occurs when fluorophores are present at high concentrations, but the mechanisms for quenching are debated. Here, we used a technique called "in-membrane electrophoresis" to generate concentration gradients of fluorophores within a supported lipid bilayer, across which quenching was expected to occur.

Rethinking the place of compulsory community mental health treatment in Aotearoa New Zealand: Implications of an assemblage theory approach.

Many countries with developed mental health systems permit compulsory treatment for mental illness in community settings. Research has challenged practices associated with the increased use of compulsory community treatment due to non-compliance with human rights and lack of therapeutic efficacy. In the cultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand, this paper introduces a study of the medico-legal process for making compulsory community treatment orders.

Histone chaperone HIRA, Promyelocytic Leukemia (PML) protein and p62/SQSTM1 coordinate to regulate inflammation during cell senescence.

Cellular senescence, a stress-induced stable proliferation arrest associated with an inflammatory Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), is a cause of aging. In senescent cells, Cytoplasmic Chromatin Fragments (CCFs) activate SASP via the anti-viral cGAS/STING pathway. PML protein organizes PML nuclear bodies (NBs), also involved in senescence and anti-viral immunity.

METTL3-mediated chromatin contacts promote stress granule phase separation through metabolic reprogramming during senescence.

METTL3 is the catalytic subunit of the methyltransferase complex, which mediates mA modification to regulate gene expression. In addition, METTL3 regulates transcription in an enzymatic activity-independent manner by driving changes in high-order chromatin structure. However, how these functions of the methyltransferase complex are coordinated remains unknown.

Senescent glia link mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation.

Senescence is a cellular state linked to ageing and age-onset disease across many mammalian species. Acutely, senescent cells promote wound healing and prevent tumour formation; but they are also pro-inflammatory, thus chronically exacerbate tissue decline. Whereas senescent cells are active targets for anti-ageing therapy, why these cells form in vivo, how they affect tissue ageing and the effect of their elimination remain unclear.

Linking Aging to Cancer: The Role of Chromatin Biology.

Epigenetic changes have been established to be a hallmark of aging, which implies that aging science requires collaborating with the field of chromatin biology. DNA methylation patterns, changes in relative abundance of histone post-translational modifications, and chromatin remodeling are the central players in modifying chromatin structure. Aging is commonly associated with an overall increase in chromatin instability, loss of homeostasis, and decondensation.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hand Hygiene, Mask Use, and Social Distancing among Public Hospital and Polyclinic Nurses in Barbados during the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic.

Background: Nurses are essential members of the healthcare workforce and were among the first-line carers for patients in community and hospital settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, they were at a heightened risk of infection, resulting in several reported deaths among nursing staff. Several preventive measures were adopted to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus.

The role of gifts in building influence with politicians: Thematic analysis of interviews with current and former parliamentarians.

Gifts are a powerful way to acknowledge and strengthen interpersonal relationships. As with any relational space, gifting plays various roles in forming and maintaining relationships in political contexts, but its contribution to relationship-building has attracted little attention. This paper examines how politicians in Aotearoa New Zealand both engage with gifting and how they navigate the perceptions of others.

The Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network (ECHORN) Cohort Study: Design, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for a higher proportion of mortality and morbidity in the Caribbean and US territories-majority-minority communities-than in the United States or Canada. Strategies to address this disparity include enhancing data collection efforts among racial/ethnic communities. The ECHORN Cohort Study (ECS), a regional adult cohort study, estimates prevalence and assesses risk factors for NCDs in two United States territories and two Caribbean islands.

TXNRD1 drives the innate immune response in senescent cells with implications for age-associated inflammation.

Sterile inflammation, also known as 'inflammaging', is a hallmark of tissue aging. Cellular senescence contributes to tissue aging, in part, through the secretion of proinflammatory factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The genetic variability of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) is associated with aging and age-associated phenotypes such as late-life survival, activity of daily living and physical performance in old age.