Safety and Efficacy of a Preservative-Free Artificial Tear Containing Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid for Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter 3-Month Study.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of an artificial tear combining the polymers carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HA), to a formulation of CMC alone in subjects with dry eye.

Methods: A preservative-free artificial tear (CMC-HA) was compared with an existing artificial tear (CMC). Subjects with mild-to-severe signs and symptoms of dry eye were enrolled in this double-masked, randomized, multicenter trial, and dosed at least twice daily for 90 days, with follow-up visits at Days 7, 30, 60, and 90.

Physicochemical Properties of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Lubricant Eye Drops.

Purpose: To assess the physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based artificial tears.

Methods: The average molecular weight (MW) and polydispersion index (PDI) of HA in 18 commercially available artificial tears were determined by light scattering/high-performance liquid chromatography. Osmolality, pH, viscosity, and sodium concentration were determined using an osmometer, pH meter, rheometer, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, respectively.

Management of post-LASIK dry eye: a multicenter randomized comparison of a new multi-ingredient artificial tear to carboxymethylcellulose.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of a preservative-free, multi-ingredient formulation of carboxymethylcellulose 0.5%, hyaluronic acid 0.1%, and organic osmolytes (CMC-HA), to preservative-free carboxymethylcellulose 0.

Investigating the potential benefits of a new artificial tear formulation combining two polymers.

Purpose: Artificial tear formulations typically contain a water-soluble polymer to enhance residence time, moisture retention, and binding to the mucin coat of the ocular surface, which facilitate corneal healing. This study investigated the potential advantages of combining carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) polymers in a single formulation.

Materials And Methods: Individual CMC and HA solutions were prepared and tested for bulk viscosity in comparison to a solution that combined CMC and HA.

Evaluation of a Novel Artificial Tear in the Prevention and Treatment of Dry Eye in an Animal Model.

Purpose: To evaluate effects of a novel multi-ingredient artificial tear formulation containing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in a murine dry eye model.

Methods: Dry eye was induced in mice (C57BL/6) using an intelligently controlled environmental system (ICES). CMC+HA (Optive Fusion™), CMC-only (Refresh Tears(®)), and HA-only (Hycosan(®)) artificial tears and control phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were administered 4 times daily and compared with no treatment (n = 64 eyes per group).

Efficacy and safety of two new formulations of artificial tears in subjects with dry eye disease: a 3-month, multicenter, active-controlled, randomized trial.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of two investigational artificial tear formulations (CHO-1 and CHO-2) containing carmellose sodium, hyaluronic acid at different concentrations, and osmoprotectants, with a standard carmellose sodium-containing formulation (Refresh Tears [RT]) in the treatment of dry eye disease.

Subjects And Methods: In this 3-month, double-masked, multicenter study, subjects (n=305) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive CHO-1, CHO-2, or RT, used as needed but at least twice daily. The primary endpoint was change in ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score from baseline to day 90.

Comparison of novel lipid-based eye drops with aqueous eye drops for dry eye: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dry eye may be caused or exacerbated by deficient lipid secretion. Recently, lipid-containing artificial tears have been developed to alleviate this deficiency. Our study compared the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of lipid-containing eye drops with that of aqueous eye drops.

Efficacy, safety, and acceptability of a lipid-based artificial tear formulation: a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial.

Purpose: Dry eye disease is highly prevalent worldwide, causing discomfort and visual disturbances that can limit basic activities such as reading and driving. Although artificial tears represent first-line therapy, there is a paucity of published controlled clinical trials. The present study compared the efficacy, clinical safety, and acceptability of 2 multicomponent, lipid-based tear formulations (ADV1 and ADV2) to those of an existing lipid-based tear formulation (DET) in patients with signs and symptoms of dry eye disease.

Effect of humidity variations in a controlled environment chamber on tear evaporation after dry eye therapy.

Purpose: Many dry eye (DE) patients are sensitive to adverse environments where tear evaporation rate (TER) increases. Pilot study-A controlled environment chamber was used to determine the time of exposure required for TER to reach steady state equilibrium at 40% relative humidity (RH). Study 1-To assess the difference between normal and DE subjects in their tear physiology response.

Effectiveness of dry eye therapy under conditions of environmental stress.

Purpose: Dry eye is often characterized by increased tear evaporation due to poor tear film quality, especially of the lipid component of the tear film. Using an environmental chamber to induce environmental stress, this study compared the effect of three lubricant eye drops on various aspects of tear physiology in a crossover design (evaporation was the principal outcome measure).

Methods: Three eye drop formulas were tested: 0.

Transport of L-carnitine in human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells.

Purpose: Previously we demonstrated expression and localization of carnitine/organic cation transporters, OCTN1 and OCTN2, in human corneal and conjunctival epithelia. The present study aimed to examine the characteristics of L-carnitine transporters in cultured human limbal corneal (HCLE) and conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells.

Methods: Time-course, Na(+)-dependence, kinetics, energy- and pH- dependence of L-carnitine transport were investigated by monitoring L-[(3)H]carnitine uptake into HCLE and HCjE cells.

Role of carnitine in disease.

Carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient that plays a vital role in energy production and fatty acid metabolism. Vegetarians possess a greater bioavailability than meat eaters. Distinct deficiencies arise either from genetic mutation of carnitine transporters or in association with other disorders such as liver or kidney disease.

Effect of artificial tears on tear stress test.

Purpose: To determine the effect of two artificial tears of different viscosities in the relief of environmental dry eye induced with a novel tear stress test (TST).

Methods: A novel TST was developed and validated. The following four test conditions were evaluated in 12 healthy normal subjects in a cross-over and subject masked study; unprotected (no test solution used), relief (test solution instilled just after application of TST), immediate protection (test solution instilled just before application of TST), and chronic protection (1 week prophylactic use of the solution).

Expression and localization of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1 and OCTN2 in ocular epithelium.

Purpose: The existence of an organic cation transport process in rabbit cornea and conjunctiva that mediates absorption of carnitine has previously been suggested. This study was conducted to determine the expression and localization of the carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN1 and OCTN2) in corneal or conjunctival epithelium.

Methods: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for OCTN1 and OCTN2 mRNA expression in cultured human corneal-limbal epithelial (HCLE) or human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells.

Carboxymethyl cellulose stimulates rabbit corneal epithelial wound healing.

Purpose: Previously, we reported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binding to human corneal epithelial cells and promoting corneal epithelial wound closure in vitro. Using an animal model, the efficacy of CMC in promoting corneal wound healing was examined.

Materials And Methods: Following corneal epithelial wounding of NZ white rabbits, CMC (0.

Clinical performance of a mid-viscosity artificial tear for dry eye treatment.

Purpose: We report the results of 3 studies conducted to evaluate the performance of a 1.0% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) mid-viscosity artificial tear compared to currently marketed low-viscosity tears.

Methods: First, a single-center, double-masked, randomized, crossover study was performed to compare the effect on the Ocular Protection Index (OPI) of the mid-viscosity tear compared to low-viscosity tears in 39 subjects with mild to moderate dry eye.

Carboxymethylcellulose binds to human corneal epithelial cells and is a modulator of corneal epithelial wound healing.

Purpose: In this study, the ability of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), used in artificial tear formulations, to interact with corneal-epithelial-cells (HCECs) and facilitate corneal epithelial wound healing was investigated.

Methods: HCECs were incubated with fluorescein-labeled CMC (F-CMC). CMC-epithelial binding was measured by spectrophotometry.

Effect of an oil-in-water emulsion on the tear physiology of patients with mild to moderate dry eye.

Purpose: To determine the effect of an oil-in-water emulsion eye drop compared with a conventional dry eye supplement (hypromellose) on tear physiology in dry eye.

Methods: A randomized parallel, longitudinal, and investigator-masked study of the efficacy of 1.25% castor oil emulsion and 0.

A pre-application drop containing carboxymethylcellulose can reduce multipurpose solution-induced corneal staining.

Purpose: Use of polyhexanide based multipurpose solutions (MPSs) for contact lens disinfection has been linked to low-grade corneal staining. In vitro data suggest that carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) may neutralize polyhexanides. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a pre-application drop of CMC reduces polyhexanide staining in vivo.

The influence of lens conditioning on signs and symptoms with new hydrogel contact lenses.

Background: Daily disposable contact lenses are considered to be the pinnacle of safe contact lens wear, yet it has been suggested that it takes some period of wear for the lens surface to reach optimal compatibility with the ocular surface. This study assesses the influence of brief treatment with a conditioning drop on the ocular response to new contact lenses over a single day of wear.

Methods: The study was a single-masked, paired (contralateral) comparison of the signs and symptoms with wear of new Acuvue 2 contact lenses pretreated with a conditioning agent containing carboxymethylcellulose (carmellose, CMC) against new lenses inserted directly from the blister pack.

Cytoprotective properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) when used prior to wearing contact lenses treated with cationic disinfecting agents.

Purpose: Disinfecting agents found in current multipurpose solutions (MPS) may produce low-grade ocular surface insults. This study investigates the potential for carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to chemically complex residual disinfectants in situ.

Methods: The chemical availability of the MPS disinfectant polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) was examined using a spectrophotometric assay.

In vitro and in vivo effects of a lubricant in a contact lens solution.

Purpose: Physical properties and tear film function were investigated for a multipurpose contact lens solution containing the ocular lubricant hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).

Methods: In the laboratory, wetting properties of multipurpose solutions with and without HPMC, and binding of HPMC to hydrogel lenses in vitro following an overnight soak, were measured. Tear physiology was evaluated in 35 hydrogel contact lens wearers using multipurpose solutions with and without HPMC.