Hyperreflective Dots in Central Fovea Visualized by a Novel Application of Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography.

Visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) is a novel noninvasive retinal imaging system that offers improved resolution compared to conventional near-infrared (NIR) OCT systems. Here, we utilized vis-OCT to produce fibergrams (vis-OCTF) for the first time in human patients, enabling visualization and precise quantification of hyperreflective dots in the central fovea in two patients. We also directly compare the imaging qualities of conventional vis-OCT and NIR-OCT.

Comparative In Vivo Imaging of Retinal Structures in Tree Shrews, Humans, and Mice.

Rodent models, such as mice and rats, are commonly used to examine retinal ganglion cell damage in eye diseases. However, as nocturnal animals, rodent retinal structures differ from primates, imposing significant limitations in studying retinal pathology. Tree shrews () are small, diurnal paraprimates that exhibit superior visual acuity and color vision compared with mice.

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy of the Tree Shrew Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles.

We seek to develop techniques for high-resolution imaging of the tree shrew retina for visualizing and parameterizing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon bundles in vivo. We applied visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) and temporal speckle averaging (TSA) to visualize individual RGC axon bundles in the tree shrew retina. For the first time, we quantified individual RGC bundle width, height, and cross-sectional area and applied vis-OCT angiography (vis-OCTA) to visualize the retinal microvasculature in tree shrews.

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy of the Tree Shrew Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles.

We seek to develop techniques for high-resolution imaging of the tree shrew retina for visualizing and parameterizing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon bundles in vivo. We applied visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) and temporal speckle averaging (TSA) to visualize individual RGC axon bundles in the tree shrew retina. For the first time, we quantified individual RGC bundle width, height, and cross-sectional area and applied vis-OCT angiography (vis-OCTA) to visualize the retinal microvasculature in tree shrews.

Report on the 2021 Aniridia North America symposium on PAX6, aniridia, and beyond.

The inaugural Aniridia North America (ANA) Symposium was held on the first weekend in November 2021 in Charlottesville, VA, at the University of Virginia. The purpose of this meeting was to bring together an international group of scientists, physicians, patient advocacy groups, and individuals with aniridia to discuss recent advances in knowledge about aniridia and other congenital eye diseases and the development of potential treatments for congenital eye disorders using personalized medicine. Leaders in several areas of eye research and clinical treatment provided a broad perspective on new research advances that impact an understanding of the causes of the damage to the eye associated with aniridia and the development of novel treatments for this and related disorders.

Longitudinal Analysis of Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage at Individual Axon Bundle Level in Mice Using Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy.

Purpose: We developed a new analytic tool based on visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) to longitudinally track individual axon bundle transformation as a new in vivo biomarker for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage.

Methods: After acute optic nerve crush injury (ONC) in mice, we analyzed four parameters: lateral bundle width, axial bundle height, cross-sectional area, and the shape of individual bundles. We next correlated the morphological changes in RGC axon bundles with RGC soma loss.

Visual Acuity in Aniridia and WAGR Syndrome.

Purpose: Our purpose was to evaluate visual acuity in aniridia subjects and the more severely affected phenotype in WAGR syndrome subjects, and to assess potential impact on visual function.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study of 25 aniridia subjects with nonsense mutations of PAX6 (50 eyes) and 25 WAGR syndrome subjects with large deletion mutations involving PAX6 (50 eyes). Aniridia subjects were age- and gender-matched with WAGR syndrome subjects in the Coordination of Rare Diseases at Sanford (CoRDS) database.

Stand-Alone Xen Gel Microstent Implantation Compared With Kahook Dual Blade Goniotomy.

Prcis: Both Xen gel Microstent implantation and Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy are safe and effective as stand-alone procedures, but the Xen Gel Microstent was associated with more postoperative interventions and achieved higher success at a lower intraocular pressure threshold.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of stand-alone Xen Gel Microstent implantation compared with stand-alone KDB goniotomy for moderate to severe glaucoma.

Methods: A retrospective, single-center, case-series analysis comparing outcomes of Xen Gel Microstent implantation and KDB goniotomy stand-alone cases in 75 eyes.

Global and Regional Damages in Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles Monitored Non-Invasively by Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) exhibit compartmentalized organization, receiving synaptic inputs through their dendrites and transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain through the optic nerve. Little is known about the structure of RGC axon bundles extending from individual RGC somas to the optic nerve head (ONH) and how they respond to disease insults. We recently introduced visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF), a technique for directly visualizing and analyzing mouse RGC axon bundles In this study, we validated vis-OCTF's ability to quantify RGC axon bundles with an increased number of RGCs using mice deficient in BCL2-associated X protein (BAX).

In vivo imaging of the inner retinal layer structure in mice after eye-opening using visible-light optical coherence tomography.

The growth of the mouse eye and retina after birth is a dynamic, highly regulated process. In this study, we applied visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique, to examine developing retinal layer structures after eye-opening. We introduced a resampled circumpapillary B-scan averaging technique to improve the inter-layer contrast, enabling retinal layer thickness measurements as early as postnatal day 13 (P13) - right after eye-opening.

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy for Quantitative Imaging of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles.

Purpose: To develop a practical technique for visualizing and quantifying retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon bundles .

Methods: We applied visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) to image the RGC axon bundles, referred to as vis-OCT fibergraphy, of healthy wild-type C57BL/6 mice. After vis-OCT imaging, retinas were flat-mounted, immunostained with anti-beta-III tubulin (Tuj1) antibody for RGC axons, and imaged with confocal microscopy.

Comparison of Silicone- and Porous-Plate Ahmed Glaucoma Valves.

Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes after implantation of the silicone-plate (model FP7) and porous polyethylene-plate (model M4) Ahmed Glaucoma Valves.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, comparative series. A total of 52 eyes (52 patients) were treated with either the silicone or porous plate Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant.

Effects of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy on Glaucoma-like Progression in Susceptible Eyes.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections may accelerate glaucomatous change in patients with preexisting glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). The safety of long-term injections in this specific population may be reflected in the need for additional glaucoma interventions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether repeated anti-VEGF injections accelerate structural and functional glaucomatous change in eyes with preexisting glaucoma or OHT.

Anterior chamber angle in aniridia with and without glaucoma.

Purpose: We performed a retrospective, comparative study to determine if patients with aniridia and glaucoma had open angles on high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and clinical gonioscopy.

Patients And Methods: Forty-three patients (86 eyes) with aniridia had recorded anterior segment OCTs, gonioscopy, or both. Of these patients, 27 (54 eyes) were diagnosed with glaucoma and 16 (32 eyes) had no evidence of glaucoma.

Treatment of Uveitis and Outcomes of Glaucoma Drainage Implant Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of uveitis treatment on glaucoma drainage implant surgical outcomes.

Methods: We included 16 articles in the meta-analysis. Two groups were defined based on medical therapy of uveitis: Group 1: poorly controlled uveitis, and Group 2: well-controlled uveitis including use of immunomodulatory medications.

Comparison of Outcomes of Glaucoma Screening in Primary Care and Community Settings.

: To compare outcomes of glaucoma screening in primary care and community settings, including the follow-up rates of subjects with positive screening results. : This was a comparative, prospective, non-randomized study. Subjects were recruited by medical students in community-based and primary care settings and screened for glaucoma using the same screening strategy.

Dexamethasone implantation in birdshot chorioretinopathy - long-term outcome.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of the 0.70 mg dexamethasone (DEX) intravitreal implant in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR).

Methods: Retrospective descriptive case series of BSCR patients treated with DEX implant (DEX implant 0.

The Evolution of Glaucoma Drainage Implants.

The modern glaucoma drainage implant era was initiated with implantation of a plate posterior to the limbus connected to the anterior chamber by a long silicone tube. Non-restrictive (Molteno and Baerveldt implants) and flow-restrictive (Ahmed Glaucoma Valve) implants were developed. With increased clinical experience, variables influencing success and failure of glaucoma drainage implant surgery were better understood.

Decompression Retinopathy After Goniotomy in a Child: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report a case of ocular decompression retinopathy that developed in a child after undergoing goniotomy for uncontrolled pediatric uveitic glaucoma.

Patient And Methods: We describe an 11-year-old Hispanic boy with a history of idiopathic uveitis and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes. He developed marked elevation of the IOP in the right eye (44 mm Hg) despite glaucoma medical therapy.

Risk factors for tube exposure as a late complication of glaucoma drainage implant surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for tube exposure after glaucoma drainage implant surgery.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective case-controlled observational study of 64 eyes from 64 patients. Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with tube erosion requiring surgical revision were compared with 32 matched control eyes of 32 patients.

Clinical Management of Malignant Glaucoma.

Malignant glaucoma remains one of the most challenging complications of ocular surgery. Although it has been reported to occur spontaneously or after any ophthalmic procedure, it is most commonly encountered after glaucoma surgery in eyes with prior chronic angle closure. The clinical diagnosis is made in the setting of a patent peripheral iridotomy and axial flattening of the anterior chamber.