Evaluation of a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation for the control of chironomid midge larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) in establishing rice crops in south-eastern Australia.

A commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.

Response of larval Chironomus tepperi (Diptera: Chironomidae) to individual Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis toxins and toxin mixtures.

The biopesticide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.

eEF1A isoforms change in abundance and actin-binding activity during maize endosperm development.

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) appears to be a multifunctional protein because several biochemical activities have been described for this protein, in addition to its role in protein synthesis. In maize (Zea mays) endosperm, the synthesis of eEF1A is increased in o2 (opaque2) mutants, and its concentration is highly correlated with the protein-bound lysine content. To understand the basis of this relationship, we purified eEF1A isoforms from developing endosperm and investigated their accumulation and their functional and structural properties.