Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pharmacovigilance Strategy, Systems, and Processes of Large, Medium, and Small Companies: An Industry Survey.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented threat to global business relationships and dynamics. The pharmacovigilance function of pharmaceutical companies is particularly susceptible to changing external pressures because of its highly structured compliance activities. We conducted an industry-wide survey to provide insights on how the pharmacovigilance function responded to the challenges posed by the pandemic.

Stable isotope labeling method for the investigation of protein haptenation by electrophilic skin sensitizers.

The risk of contact sensitization is a major consideration in the development of new formulations for personal care products. However, developing a mechanistic approach for non-animal risk assessment requires further understanding of haptenation of skin proteins by sensitizing chemicals, which is the molecular initiating event causative of skin sensitization. The non-stoichiometric nature of protein haptenation results in relatively low levels of modification, often of low abundant proteins, presenting a major challenge for their assignment in complex biological matrices such as skin.

Effectiveness of computational methods in haplotype prediction.

Haplotype analysis has been used for narrowing down the location of disease-susceptibility genes and for investigating many population processes. Computational algorithms have been developed to estimate haplotype frequencies and to predict haplotype phases from genotype data for unrelated individuals. However, the accuracy of such computational methods needs to be evaluated before their applications can be advocated.