Use of the "Two-Three Click" Protocol in Screw Stabilization of a Patient With Loosened Nuts and Dislocation of Rods - A Case Report.

Vertebral fixation, utilizing titanium screws, is a highly prevalent technique employed to address spinal instability. Screw stabilization malfunction due to pedicle screw nuts loosening is rare. Under tightening the internal nut in the pedicle screw head may increase the likelihood of rod movement within the system resulting in severe pain when moving.

Partial Endovascular Embolization of a Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient With Seizures Caused by a Steal Phenomenon: A Case Analysis.

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVMs) are developmental pathologic lesions of the blood vessels of the brain in which multiple arteries shunt blood directly into the venous drainage network. They are lesions with an unclear etiology and, if left untreated, can bear significant risks of complications such as migraines, seizures, neurological deficits, and intracranial hemorrhages. The diagnosis is based on several imaging methods, with angiography being the primary method.

Chronic Cerebellar Meningoencephalitis in Adulthood: A Report of a Rare Case.

The development of meningoencephalitis is a result of an inflammation of the meninges and the brain, which can cause neurological sequelae. Cerebellar meningoencephalitis in adult patients is extremely rare and requires special diagnostic approaches. The aim of this report is to present a rare case of meningoencephalitis and evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.

Awake Craniotomy for a Frontal Astrocytoma: A Case Report.

Awake craniotomy is a surgical procedure that has been gaining significance over the past decades. Neuronavigation is an intraoperative technology that locates tumors and monitors the brain cortex during awake craniotomy. The presence of cerebral low-grade gliomas in the frontal lobe creates a risk of affecting vital centers of the brain cortex during surgery.

Double Trouble: A Case Report on the Surgical Management of Dual Intracranial Metastases.

Intracranial metastasis disease (IMD) has proven to be a frequent secondary occurrence, usually for primary cancers such as lung, breast, and melanoma, which have a high possibility of metastasizing to the brain. Due to the reasons listed above, treatment and early diagnosis are incredibly challenging. In the past decade, medicine has developed much better imaging solutions and radiological and surgical approaches, increasing the postoperative survival prognosis and achieving more time-efficient results.

Symptomatic Cavum Vergae Cyst in a Geriatric Patient: A Report of a Rare Case and Conservative Management Approach.

Cavum vergae (CV) cysts constitute a small proportion of intracranial cysts, and although generally asymptomatic, there are occasional cases where they might exhibit clinical manifestations. We present a clinical case of a 79-year-old female patient who had a clinical manifestation of headache on the occipital side of the head with irradiation to the shoulder girdle as well as numbness, dizziness, visual impairment, sleep disturbances, and tingling in the hands for three months. Vertigo and rightward staggering had been experienced for two weeks.

Cerebral Calcifications as a Result of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Report of a Rare Case.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an extremely uncommon cause of cerebral calcification. A male patient, aged 45, was admitted to the neurosurgery clinic with a closed traumatic brain injury, namely a concussion, resulting in symptoms of headache and loss of balance. A CT scan was conducted, which detected bilateral calcifications on the basal ganglia and the tentorium.

Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Raynaud's Syndrome: A Case Report.

Raynaud's syndrome is characterized by paroxysmal vasospasm in the digital arterioles, following exposure to cold or stress. Pain, swelling, stiffness, and hypoesthesia are observed as manifestations. The presence of a trophic ulcer is accompanied by a range of severe manifestations.

Epidemiological Study of Traumatic Brain and Spinal Injuries in a Pediatric Population: A One-Year Analysis of Prevalence, Causes and Trends.

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. However, the epidemiology of pediatric brain and spine injuries in Bulgaria is poorly documented. This study aims to analyze and identify the prevalence, causes, and trends of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries in pediatric patients during the period of 1st June 2022 to 30th June 2023.

Epileptic Seizures in a Pediatric Patient With Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation and Obstructive Hydrocephalus: A Rare Case Report.

The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital arteriovenous fistula of the embryonic median prosencephalic vein of Markowski, resulting in its pathological dilation. If left untreated, it can lead to multiple severe complications in the neonatal period, among which obstructive hydrocephalus. We present a case report of a six-year-old male patient with severe status epilepticus and a clinical history of VGAM and obstructive hydrocephalus, diagnosed via an MRI and an MR-angiography.

Radical Removal of Low-Differentiation Thymic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Clinical Case.

The presented case report demonstrates the successful operative treatment of a patient with thymic carcinoma located in the anterior mediastinum, infiltrating the vena cava, and affecting the upper lobe of the left lung. Our multidisciplinary approach, incorporating various operative techniques, proved effective in treating this type of pathology. The Clinic for Thoracic Surgery at UMHAT Kaspela, Plovdiv admitted a 72-year-old female patient due to complaints related to her cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

A Rare Case of Lumbar Region Diastematomyelia in a 25-year-old Woman With Lower Back Pain.

Diastematomyelia is an infrequent congenital anomaly that anatomically presents with a longitudinal division of the spinal cord at the level of one or several sections. It is generally diagnosed and treated in children. We present a 25-year-old female patient who has entered the Neurosurgery clinic after a traumatic experience with severe low back pain evaluated with 7 points on the visual analog scale (VAS).

Osteonecrosis of the Hip Misdiagnosed as Lumbar-Disc Herniation: Тhree Case Studies.

Disc herniation and hip-joint pathology may present with overlapping symptoms, complicating the diagnosis and treatment strategy in some cases. To ensure a correct diagnosis, this study emphasizes the need for imaging methods like MRI scans of the hip joints, complementary to the lumbar spine, when in doubt of coexisting hip pathology with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation. A typical complaint in clinical practice among patients with lumbar disc herniation is chronic back pain, often radiating down the legs.

Navigating the Landscape of Herniated Discs: A Rare Case of Herniated Disc Regression.

A herniated disc is a condition in which the nucleus pulposus is displaced from the intervertebral space. It usually leads to back pain, thus being the most common reason for it. Patients often describe the first symptoms of a herniated disc as extreme and decisive pain.

Multidisciplinary Management of Invasive Basal Cell Carcinoma With Intracranial Invasion: A Rare Case Report.

The most prevalent kind of skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC invasion of the brain occurs quite rarely. Reconstruction approaches along with surgical excision are the gold standard for treating BCC.

Complex Compression Fracture in the Thoracolumbar Junction: A Case Report.

Compression fractures in the thoracolumbar junction are one of the most frequent types of spine injuries. They can be the result of trauma or underlying conditions of the vertebrae. We present a case report of a 68-year-old patient with pain and loss of mobility in the lumbar spine after sustaining a trauma via falling from a significant height.