Alterations in Serotonin Neurotransmission in Hyperdopaminergic Rats Lacking the Dopamine Transporter.

Biogenic amines dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) are among the most significant monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). Separately, the physiological roles of DA and 5-HT have been studied in detail, and progress has been made in understanding their roles in normal and various pathological conditions (Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, addiction, depression, etc.).

Protein Extract of a Probiotic Strain of and Bacterial ClpB Protein Improve Glucose Tolerance in Mice.

A commercial strain of () 4597 bacteria was shown to reduce food intake and promote weight loss, effects possibly induced by the bacterial protein ClpB, an antigen-mimetic of the anorexigenic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. A decrease in the basal plasma glucose levels was also observed in overweight fasted humans and mice receiving . However, it is not known whether influences sweet taste preference and whether its protein extract or ClpB are sufficient to increase glucose tolerance; these are the objectives tested in the present study.

Antioxidant system alterations and physiological characteristics of neonatal and juvenile DAT-KO rats.

Dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats represent a valuable rodent model for studying the molecular and phenotypical outcomes of the effects of excessive dopamine accumulation in the synaptic cleft and the prolonged action of dopamine on neurons. Animals with DAT deficiency are characterized by hyperactivity, stereotypy, cognitive deficits, and impairments in behavioral and biochemical indicators. Several key pathophysiological mechanisms are known to be common to psychiatric, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and other diseases.

Functions and distribution of calpain-calpastatin system components in brain during mammal ontogeny.

Calpain and calpastatin are the key components of the calcium-dependent proteolytic system. Calpains are regulatory, calcium-dependent, cytoplasmic proteinases, and calpastatin is the endogenous inhibitor of calpains. Due to the correlation between changes in the activity of the calpain-calpastatin system in the brain and central nervous system (CNS) pathology states, this proteolytic system is a prime focus of research on CNS pathological processes, generally characterized by calpain activity upregulation.

Glibenclamide alters serotonin and dopamine levels in the rat striatum and hippocampus, reducing cognitive impairment.

Rationale: Glibenclamide (GD) is a widely used medical drug; therefore, identifying the mechanisms underlying its pleiotropic effects in the central nervous system is urgent.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to determine the ability of GD to modulate serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and dopamine (DA) transmission and to assess the dose-dependent effect of GD on cognitive function in rats during natural ageing.

Methods: In Experiment 1, rats received 10, 25, or 50 μg/kg GD intraperitoneally for 10 days.

Protective effect of calpain inhibitors against manganese-induced toxicity in rats.

Development of manganism is a major complication of manganese exposure in which neurological dysfunction is linked to accumulation of metal in the brain. Current therapies do not prevent progression of the disease. Therefore, development of effective therapeutic strategies for treatment of manganism is of utmost importance.

Calpain activity in plasma of patients with essential tremor and Parkinson's disease: a pilot study.

: Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most common movement disorders in adults with similar clinical symptoms, which is hinting towards existence of coincident pathogenesis steps.: The objective of this report is to characterize the relationship between ET and PD severity and the activity of calcium-dependent proteases calpain in plasma.: The study enrolled 12 volunteers for each condition: ET, PD, healthy.

m-Calpain is released from striatal synaptosomes.

We aimed to investigate whether m-calpain (a Ca2+-dependent neutral cysteine protease) is released from synaptosomes. This research was carry on Wistar male rats and isolated nerve endings - synaptosomes. The synaptosomal integrity was checked by the method of measuring LDH activity.

Intranasal exposure of manganese induces neuroinflammation and disrupts dopamine metabolism in the striatum and hippocampus.

Prolonged exposure to manganese (Mn) may lead to toxic effects on the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanisms underlying neuronal death from exposure to Mn are not well understood but undoubtedly involve inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of long-lasting intranasal Mn exposure in rats focusing on inflammatory processes and catecholamine (dopamine, norepinephrine) levels in the striatum and hippocampus.

High and low anxiety phenotypes in a rat model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder are associated with different alterations in regional brain monoamine neurotransmission.

Background: Repeated exposure to predator scent stress (PSS) has been used as an animal model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). The aim of the current study was to assess brain monoamines and their primary metabolites concentrations in male Wistar rats (16 control, 19 exposed to chronic PSS).

Methods: Rats were exposed to PSS for ten days.

Intermittent Hypoxic Conditioning Alleviates Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Induced Damage and Dysfunction of Rat Visceral Organs and Brain.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes mental and somatic diseases. Intermittent hypoxic conditioning (IHC) has cardio-, vaso-, and neuroprotective effects and alleviates experimental PTSD. IHC's ability to alleviate harmful PTSD effects on rat heart, liver, and brain was examined.

Chronic predator scent stress alters serotonin and dopamine levels in the rat thalamus and hypothalamus, respectively.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic predator scent stress (PSS) on monoamine levels in rat thalamus and hypothalamus. Rats were exposed to the PSS (sand containing cat urine) for ten minutes daily for ten days. Control animals were exposed to the sand containing clean water.

[The comprehensive evaluation of the bioclimatic comfort at the territories of the Russian Far East with reference to winter-time recreational activities and primary wellness tourism].

Background: in the framework of the current tendency toward the further development of the socio-economic sphere in the Russian Far East (RFE), the relevant investigations aimed at creating the comfortable conditions for recreational and touristic activities as well as for rehabilitative therapy of the local population acquire the increasingly greater importance.

Aim: The objective of the present study was the comprehensive evaluation of the bioclimatic comfort at the territories of interest with special reference to winter-time recreational activities and primary wellness tourism.

Materials And Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the health resort, recreational, and therapeutic resources of the selected areas of the Russian Far East with special reference to the data provided by the climate monitoring stations during the periods from December to March of 1965-2014.

[The application of climatic therapy in the health resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus: the current state-of-the-art and the prospects for the further development].

Unlabelled: The present review summarizes the data published in the domestic and foreign literature concerning the history of climatic therapy, the current concepts of the mechanisms of action of the climatic and weather factors on the human body, the modern therapeutic modalities and technologies for health promotion. We consider not only the achievements but also the problems arising from insufficient knowledge of the impacts of current climate and extreme weather conditions on the state of human health and some disputable issues of the new methods and technologies of climatic therapy.

In Conclusion: the promising areas of further research and developments pertaining to climatic therapy as practiced under conditions of the Black Sea coast resorts.

[The interrelations of the lymphatic capillaries with the nerve structures in the wall of the small intestine].

The character of interrelations of nervous structures and the lymphatic capillary walls has been studied in cats. Under the light microscope twisted nervous fiber terminals of the intestinal neuron dendrites have been revealed around the lymphatic capillaries. Electron microscopical investigation has not revealed any specialized contacts of the nervous terminals and the lymphatic capillary walls.

[Morphology of the transendothelial pathways of the small intestine lymphatic capillaries in experimental venous congestion].

Ultrastructure of the lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine wall has been studied in 30 normal, 19 control cats and in 56 experimental cats subjected to ligation of the intestinal veins. After ligation of the intestinal veins, in the small intestine lymphatic veins the transporting surface and transport intensity increase. The increase of the former results from formation of the cytolemma folds, invaginations and protrusions of endotheliocytes cytoplasm, as well as from increasing number of pinocytic vesicles and their connections with cytolemma of the cells.

[Pathogenesis of acute peritonitis].

The article presents data on the dynamics of alterations in the ultrastructure of lymph capillaries in the small intestine wall in acute peritonitis (experimental-clinical investigation). They show an important role of the lymphatic bed of the small intestine in the development and outcome of this disease.

[Ultrastructure of lymphatic capillaries of the wall of the small intestine].

Ultrastructure of initial parts of the small intestine lymphatic bed has been studied in 16 rats and 36 cats. Certain ultrastructural peculiar features have been revealed in the lymphatic capillaries: their endothelium has no fenestrae, the basal membrane is absent. Junctions between the endothelial cells can be closed, complex, simple and open which is evidently depends on the phase of the organ's work.