The use of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in the United States with review of the literature.

Background: The majority of extremely low gestational age neonates undergo intubation for surfactant therapy. Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) uses a thin catheter inserted into the trachea to deliver the surfactant. During the procedure, the infant is breathing spontaneously while supported with continuous positive airway pressure.

Cysteine-induced alterations in physicochemical parameters of oat (Avena sativa L. var. Scott and F-411) under drought stress.

Introduction: Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that drastically reduces crop yield throughout the world. Being precursor of glutathione biosynthesis and involvement in other metabolic processes, cysteine (Cys) has been shown to alter growth and development in plants. In this context, we investigated Cys-induced physicochemical alterations in oat (Avena sativa L.

Improving community health worker performance through supportive supervision: a randomised controlled implementation trial in Pakistan.

Aim: To assess the effect of enhanced supportive supervision of lady health workers (LHWs) by lady health supervisors on integrated community case management of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea.

Methods: A total of thirty-four supervisors were randomly assigned to intervention and comparison arms. The intervention included enhanced training of supervisors on supervisory skills and written feedback to LHWs by supervisors.

Changes in the photosynthesis properties and photoprotection capacity in rice (Oryza sativa) grown under red, blue, or white light.

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited state of chlorophyll a is a major photoprotective mechanism plants utilize to survive under high light. Here, we report the impact of long-term light quality treatment on photosynthetic properties, especially NPQ in rice. We used three LED-based light regimes, i.

Schiff bases of tryptamine as potent inhibitors of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases): Structure-activity relationship.

Overexpression of NTPDases leads to a number of pathological situations such as thrombosis, and cancer. Thus, effective inhibitors are required to combat these pathological situations. Different classes of NTPDase inhibitors are reported so far including nucleotides and their derivatives, sulfonated dyes such as reactive blue 2, suramin and its derivatives, and polyoxomatalates (POMs).

The superiority of point of care ultrasound in localizing central venous line tip position over time.

The primary objective was to study agreement between X-rays and point of care ultrasound (POC-US) in determining central venous line (CVL) tip position. The secondary objective was to examine malposition rates over time using POC-US. Fifty-six neonates were enrolled who had a CVL placed.

Recent Advancement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy.

Background: Many of the tropical diseases are neglected by the researchers and medicinal companies due to lack of profit and other interests. The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) is established to overcome the problems associated with these neglected diseases. According to a report published by the WHO, leprosy (Hansen's disease) is also a neglected infectious disease.

Biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS), in vitro urease inhibitory activity, and in silico study of S-naproxen derivatives.

Current study is based on the biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS) of S-naproxen (NSAID) derivatives and the evaluation of their urease inhibitory potential. In this regard, a variety of S-naproxen derivatives 2-39 including hydrazide 1, Schiff bases 2-21, aroyl substituted hydrazides 22-24, sulfohydrazides 25-34, 2-mercapto oxadiazole 35, phenacyl substituted 2-mercapto oxadiazoles 36-39 were synthesized under the umbrella of BIODS by simple chemical transformation of its pharmacophoric carboxylic group. Compounds 1-39 were evaluated for in vitro urease inhibitory activity and most of them showed good to moderate inhibitory potential in the range of IC = 14.

Synthesis and in vitro urease inhibitory activity of benzohydrazide derivatives, in silico and kinetic studies.

Benzohydrazide derivatives 1-43 were synthesized via "one-pot" reaction and structural characterization of these synthetic derivatives was carried out by different spectroscopic techniques such as H NMR and EI-MS. The synthetic molecules were evaluated for their in vitro urease inhibitory activity. All synthetic derivatives showed good inhibitory activities in the range of (IC = 0.

Role of Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase gene in pathogenecity of CMT patients.

Objective: To find the causative mutation by linkage analysisof Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease while focussing on AMACR gene.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted from November 2016 to March 2017 in Kongju National University Korea.A family of 15 members with composite symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were enrolled.

Pharmacological and nutritive potential of Euphorbia granulata.

Background Euphorbia granulata is herb of family Euphorbiaceae having several traditional uses. The aim of the study is to summarize reported nutritional and medicinal value along with ethnomedical records. Methods The papers on nutritional and medicinal value of E.

Computational Approaches Towards Kinases as Attractive Targets for Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development.

Background: One of the major goals of computational chemists is to determine and develop the pathways for anticancer drug discovery and development. In recent past, high performance computing systems elicited the desired results with little or no side effects. The aim of the current review is to evaluate the role of computational chemistry in ascertaining kinases as attractive targets for anticancer drug discovery and development.

Biological Evaluation of Different Extracts of Aerial Parts of and Standardization of Active Extracts Using 8-Epi-7-Deoxyloganic Acid and Ursolic Acid by Validated HPTLC Method.

(Lamiaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant that grows in Saudi Arabia. This plant is used in Saudi and Yemeni folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, carminative, and antirheumatic agent. In order to prove its use in folk medicine, four different extracts from the aerial parts of the plant: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and -butanol extracts were subjected to biological assays to screen PPAR and PPAR agnostic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities.

2'-Aryl and 4'-arylidene substituted pyrazolones: As potential α-amylase inhibitors.

Acarbose and voglibose are well-known α-amylase inhibitors used for the management of type-II diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, these well-known and clinically used inhibitors are also associated with several adverse effects. Therefore, there is still need to develop the safer therapy.

Extremely stable indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase from hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus.

The gene-encoding Indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase, a key enzyme involved in the cyclization of 1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxyribulose 5-phosphate, from Pyrococcus furiosus was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene product was produced in the soluble and active form. The recombinant protein, purified to apparent homogeneity, displayed highest activity at 100 °C and pH of 5.

Benzylidine indane-1,3-diones: As novel urease inhibitors; synthesis, in vitro, and in silico studies.

Current study deals with the evaluation of indane-1,3-dione based compounds as new class of urease inhibitors. For that purpose, benzylidine indane-1,3-diones (1-30) were synthesized and fully characterized by different spectroscopic techniques including EI-MS, HREI-MS, H, and C NMR. All synthetic molecules 1-30 were evaluated for urease inhibitory activity and showed good to moderate inhibitory potential within the range of (IC = 11.

Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of 5-arylidene-N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates as Potential α-glucosidase Inhibitors.

Background: Barbituric acid derivatives are a versatile group of compounds which are identified as potential pharmacophores for the treatment of anxiety, epilepsy and other psychiatric disorders. They are also used as anesthetics and have sound effects on the motor and sensory functions. Barbiturates are malonylurea derivatives with a variety of substituents at C-5 position showing resemblance with nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds like thiouracil which exhibited potent anticancer and antiviral activities.

New Hybrid Scaffolds based on Hydrazinyl Thiazole Substituted Coumarin; As Novel Leads of Dual Potential; In Vitro α-Amylase Inhibitory and Antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS Radical Scavenging) Activities.

Background: Despite many side effects associated, there are many drugs which are being clinically used for the treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus (DM). In this scenario, there is still need to develop new therapeutic agents with more efficacy and less side effects. By keeping in mind the diverse spectrum of biological potential associated with coumarin and thiazole, a hybrid class based on these two heterocycles was synthesized.

Flurbiprofen derivatives as novel α-amylase inhibitors: Biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS), in vitro, and in silico evaluation.

Novel derivatives of flurbiprofen 1-18 including flurbiprofen hydrazide 1, substituted aroyl hydrazides 2-9, 2-mercapto oxadiazole derivative 10, phenacyl substituted 2-mercapto oxadiazole derivatives 11-15, and benzyl substituted 2-mercapto oxadiazole derivatives 16-18 were synthesized and characterized by EI-MS, H and C NMR spectroscopic techniques. All derivatives 1-18 were screened for α-amylase inhibitory activity and demonstrated a varying degree of potential ranging from IC = 1.04 ± 0.

Benzophenone Esters and Sulfonates: Synthesis and their Potential as Antiinflammatory Agents.

Background: Inflammation is a biological rejoinder of vascular tissues against destructive agents e.g. irritants, damaged cell or pathogens.

Antibacterial evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized from lychee peel: individual versus antibiotic conjugated effects.

This paper describes the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles from waste part of lychee fruit (peel) and their conjugation with selected antibiotics (amoxicillin, cefixim, and streptomycin). FTIR studies revealed the reduction of metallic silver and stabilization of silver nanoparticles and their conjugates due to the presence of CO (carboxyl), OH (hydroxyl) and CH (alkanes) groups. The size of conjugated nanoparticles varied ranging from 3 to 10 nm as shown by XRD.

Synthesis, in vitro [Formula: see text]-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and in silico study of (E)-thiosemicarbazones and (E)-2-(2-(arylmethylene)hydrazinyl)-4-arylthiazole derivatives.

This study is focused on the identification of thiazole-based inhibitors for the [Formula: see text]-glucosidase enzyme. For that purpose, (E)-2-(2-(arylmethylene)hydrazinyl)-4-arylthiazole derivatives were synthesized in two steps and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. All derivatives and intermediates were evaluated for their in vitro [Formula: see text]-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Synthesis, in vitro urease inhibitory activity, and molecular docking studies of thiourea and urea derivatives.

The current study deals with the synthesis of urea and thiourea derivatives 1-37 which were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including FAB-MS, H-, and C NMR. The synthetic compounds were subjected to urease inhibitory activity and compounds exhibited good to moderate urease inhibitory activity having IC values in range of 10.11-69.

Synthesis of 4-substituted ethers of benzophenone and their antileishmanial activities.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan disease; it mainly originates from the bite of sandfly and initiated when parasite is transmitted to human at metacyclic flagellated promastigote form. In the current study, a synthesis of a series of 4-substituted benzophenone ethers was carried out in good yields and their antileishmanial activities were also screened. Among synthetic derivatives, 15 compounds , , , and - showed antileishmanial activities against promastigotes of with IC values in the range of 1.

1-[(4'-Chlorophenyl) carbonyl-4-(aryl) thiosemicarbazide derivatives as potent urease inhibitors: Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies.

A series of 1-[(4'-chlorophenyl)carbonyl-4-(aryl)thiosemicarbazide derivatives 1-25 was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as EI-MS and H NMR. All compounds were screened for urease inhibitory activity in vitro and demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity in the range of IC = 0.32 ± 0.