Shugoshin 1 (SGO1) is one of the Shugoshin (guardian spirit) family proteins, which is reported to be majorly involved in the protection of centromeres and proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Recent studies found that the altered expression of SGO1 is associated with various cancers and genetic disorders, and suggested as a target for therapy. In the present study, we have reviewed the available literature on SGO1 gene and protein expression in various cancer-cell lines, animal models and cancer patients, and targeting SGO1 with siRNA/shRNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Ionizing radiation-based technologies are extensively used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. While utilizing the technologies, exposure to a certain amount of radiation is unavoidable. Data can be obtained from participants who received radiation during medical imaging and therapeutic purposes to predict the effects of low-dose radiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacillus stercoris PSSR12 (B. stercoris PE), an isolate from rice field soils, was identified via 16s rRNA sequencing. The synthesis of the inulin and inulin producing enzyme (IPE) in B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study explores the potential of liposome encapsulated silica immobilized cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (LSICY) for bioremediation of mercury (Hg). Current limitations in Hg reduction, including sensitivity to factors like pH and cost, necessitate alternative methods. We propose LSICY as a solution, leveraging the enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYPM) for Hg reduction through hydroxylation and oxygenation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Development of resistance upon exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation followed by higher doses is known as radiation-induced adaptive response (RIAR). Traditionally, the induction of the RIAR phenomenon at the cellular level has been examined in cell lines, animal models, and epidemiological studies where people live in high natural background radiation.
Summary: The primary intention of the earlier studies was to corroborate the existence of RIAR and the mechanism involved in mediating the response surveyed by exposure to a low dose of radiation (<500 mGy) as priming dose toward the radiation protection point of view.
Quantification of gene expression signatures has been substantiated as a potential and rapid marker for radiation triage and biodosimetry during nuclear emergencies. Similar to the established biodosimetry assays, the gene expression assay has drawbacks such as being highly dynamic and transient, not specific to ionizing radiation, and also influenced by confounding factors such as gender, health status, lifestyle, and inflammation. In view of that, prior knowledge of baseline expression of certain candidate genes in a population could complement the discrimination of the unexposed from the exposed individuals without the need for individual pre-exposure controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Endometriosis is a complex gynaecological disorder that contributes to infertility, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and other chronic issues. It is a multifactorial disease involving genetic, hormonal, immunological and environmental components. Endometriosis's pathogenesis remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCoronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect both animals and humans. Even though the existence of coronavirus and its infection to humans is not new, the 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) caused a major burden to individuals and society , anxiety, fear of infection, extreme competition for hospitalization, and more importantly financial liability. The nCoV infection/disease diagnosis was based on non-specific signs and symptoms, biochemical parameters, detection of the virus using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and X-ray-based imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen
October 2021
Even though the medical uses of ionizing radiation are well-acknowledged globally as vital tools for the improvement of human health, they also symbolize the major man-made sources of radiation exposure to the population. Estimation of absorbed dose and biological changes after radiation-based imaging might help to better understand the effects of low dose radiation. Because of this, we measured the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) at different anatomical locations using Lithium tetraborate doped with manganese (LiBO: Mn), recorded Dose Length Product (DLP) and Dose Area Product (DAP), analyzed Chromosomal Aberration (CA), Micronucleus (MN), gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX), and p53 proteins in the blood lymphocytes of patients (n = 267) underwent Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography-CT (PET/CT), and interventional procedures and healthy volunteers (n = 19).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploding global population, rapid urbanization, salinization of soils, decreasing arable land availability, groundwater resources, and dynamic climatic conditions pose impending damage to our food security by reducing the grain quality and quantity. This issue is further compounded in arid and semi-arid regions due to the shortage of irrigation water and erratic rainfalls. Millets are gluten (a family of proteins)-free and cultivated all over the globe for human consumption, fuel, feed, and fodder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMutat Res Rev Mutat Res
July 2021
Radiation triage and biological dosimetry are two initial steps in the medical management of exposed individuals following radiological accidents. Well established biodosimetry methods such as the dicentric (DC) assay, micronucleus (MN) assay, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) translocation assay (for residual damage) have been used for this purpose for several decades. Recent advances in scoring methodology and networking among established laboratories have increased triage capacity; however, these methods still have limitations in analysing large sample numbers, particularly because of the ∼ 48 h minimum culture time required prior to analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: In case of a mass-casualty radiological event, there would be a need for networking to overcome surge limitations and to quickly obtain homogeneous results (reported aberration frequencies or estimated doses) among biodosimetry laboratories. These results must be consistent within such network. Inter-laboratory comparisons (ILCs) are widely accepted to achieve this homogeneity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: In the modern era of radiotherapy, use of conventional radiation modalities (based on γ-rays) is being replaced by high-energy linear accelerator-based X-rays. As a result of mishandling of equipment or mechanical errors, health workers can be exposed to these high-energy X-rays. Especially in the absence of personnel monitoring devices, biodosimetry with a lower energy X-ray calibration curve may not provide an acceptable dose estimate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study demonstrates a simple protocol for phytofabrication of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) wrapped with bioactive molecules from Ludwigia octovalvis leaf extract and their characterization by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), and diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS). The bandgap energy of pure green engineered TiO nanoparticles was determined by DRS analysis. The XPS analysis confirmed the purity of the TiO nanoparticles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen
November 2020
Radiation has widespread applications in medicine. However, despite the benefits of medical radiation exposures, adverse long-term health effects are cause for concern. Protein and gene biomarkers are early indicators of cellular response after low-dose exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen
August 2019
Interventional radiology-based imaging is the preferred choice for diagnosis and therapy of many complex diseases, despite possible adverse effects of the radiation exposures. We have measured induced DNA damage and changes in gene expression in relation to entrance surface dose (ESD) in peripheral blood samples of patients (n = 51) who underwent neuro-interventional radiological procedures. The ESD values, measured by thermoluminescence dosimetry, were 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen
February 2019
Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT), a combination of PET and CT, is used in tumor staging, therapy planning, and treatment response monitoring. During PET imaging, patients receive low doses of radiation, which can induce an adaptive response and necessitate higher doses for therapeutic efficacy. Higher doses may augment toxicity to normal cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiological accidents and nuclear terrorism pose an increased threat to members of the public who, following such an event, would need to be assessed for medical care by fast triage. Assay methods such as chromosome aberrations (CA), cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques have been well established for dose estimation and their potential for handling more samples has also been proved with automation. However, culturing of lymphocytes is an inevitable step, which limits the potential of these markers for triage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn vitro human lymphocyte culture methodology is well established yet certain confounding factors such as age, medical history as well as individual's blood type may potentially modulate in vitro proliferation response. These factors have to be carefully evaluated to release reliable test report in routine cytogenetic evaluation for various genetic conditions, radiation biodosimetry, etc. With this objective, the current study was focused on analyzing the proliferation response of lymphocytes drawn from 90 individuals (21-29 years) with different blood types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMutations in NPHS1 can lead to disruption of the filtration barrier and cause proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome (NS). The aim of the study was to evaluate NPHS1 mutations, its susceptibility to the disease, and their association in children with steroid-resistant NS; mutation frequency of 9% was observed in patients with steroid-resistant NS, of which, six mutations and two single-nucleotide polymorphisms observed in the study population were found to be novel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluence of cytokinins, silver nitrate (AgNO) and auxins on plant regeneration from cucumber was investigated. The cotyledonary node explants were cultured on MS medium augmented with various concentrations (0.5-2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTextile industries release tonnes of harmful toxic dyes into the environment, causing severe effects on living organisms, including humans. Mosquitoes vectors spread important diseases which cause millions of human deaths worldwide. To control mosquitoes a number of synthetic mosquitocidal agents have been employed but all these pesticides pose harmful effects to human health and non-target species and also led to resistance development in treated vectors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe γ-H2AX assay was investigated as an alternative to the time-consuming dicentric chromosome assay (DCA). Radiation doses to 25 radiotherapy patients were estimated in parallel by DCA and the γ-H2AX assay. The γ-H2AX assay yielded doses in line with the calculated equivalent whole body doses in 92% of the patients, whereas the success rate of DCA was only 76%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe mechanism of gold nanoparticle formation and genes involved in such processes, especially Au transport in plants are not understood. Previous reports pointed to the probable role of COPT2 in Au transport based on the transcript accumulation of COPT2 under Au exposure. Here, we provide evidence revealing the additional role of COPT2 for Au mobilization in yeast and Arabidopsis.
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