Virtual Probing on the Influence of Ca and Zn Bound S100A8 and S100A9 Proteins Towards their Interaction Against Pattern Recognition Receptors Aggravating Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released on the onset of tissue injury or death, which tend to trigger innate immunity and regulate various immune pathways. Among the various DAMP molecules, S100A8 and S100A9 belonging to Ca binding proteins with EF-hands and Zn ion binding sites have been implicated in aggravating the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), upon interaction with pattern recognition receptors (PRR) such as TLR4, RAGE and CD36 receptors. Thus, the present study aims to assess the effect of Ca or Zn ions on the interaction of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins towards the PRRs.

Computational Deciphering of the Role of S100A8 and S100A9 Proteins and Their Changes in the Structure Assembly Influences Their Interaction with TLR4, RAGE, and CD36.

S100A8 and S100A9 belong to the calcium-binding, damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) proteins shown to aggravate the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through their interaction with the TLR4, RAGE and CD36 receptors. S100A8 and S100A9 proteins tend to exist in monomeric, homo and heterodimeric forms, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA, via interacting with Pattern Recognition receptors (PRRs). The study aims to assess the influence of changes in the structure and biological assembly of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins as well as their interaction with significant receptors in RA through computational methods and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis.

Methanolic extract of O.umbellata L. exhibits anti-osteoporotic effect via promoting osteoblast proliferation in MG-63 cells and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Oldenlandia umbellata L., belonging to the Rubiaceae family, is an annual plant possessing anti-inflammatory and antipyretic, anti-nociceptive, anti-bacterial, anti-helminthic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities and used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation and respiratory diseases.

Aim Of The Study: The present study aims to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic effect of Methanolic extract of O.

Underpinning Endogeneous Damp EDA-Fibronectin in the Activation of Molecular Targets of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Identifcation of its Effective Inhibitors by Computational Methods.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most severe inflammatory diseases that cause swelling, stiffness and pain in the joints, which pose a significant threat worldwide. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are danger molecules of endogenous origin, released during cell injury or cell death, interacts with various Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activates various inflammatory diseases. One of the DAMP molecules, so-called EDA-fibronectin (Fn) is also responsible for causing RA.

Phenolic acid bound arabinoxylans extracted from Little and Kodo millets modulate immune system mediators and pathways in RAW 264.7 cells.

The immunomodulating effect of Phenolic acid bound arabinoxylans (PCA-AXs) extracted from Little (PCA-AX-L) and Kodo (PCA-AX-K) millet seeds in RAW 264.7 cells were investigated. The PCA-AXs were extracted from millets and their chemical characterization were carried out by GC-MS, HPLC, and FT-IR.

Chemical characterization and immunostimulatory activity of phenolic acid bound arabinoxylans derived from foxtail and barnyard millets.

The chemical characterization and evaluation of immunostimulating effect of phenolic acid bound arabinoxylan (PA-AXs) isolated from barnyard (PA-AX-B) and foxtail (PA-AX-F) millets were performed. The sugar composition analysis and bound phenolic acids' (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid) content of PA-AXs were examined by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The immunostimulatory activity of PA-AXs was evaluated by studying the effect of PA-AXs on the release of nitric oxide (NO), ROS, and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in RAW 264.

Hydrolysable tannin-rich fraction from Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice.

Terminalia chebula Retz. (Fam: Combretaceae) (TC) is widely used in traditional system for the treatment of fever, asthma, urinary diseases, and rheumatism. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of hydrolysable tannin-rich fraction (HTF) isolated from TC fruits in collagen-induced arthritic BALB/c mice.

Repeated oral dose toxicity study on hydrolysable tannin rich fraction isolated from fruit pericarps of Terminalia chebula Retz in Wistar albino rats.

Terminalia chebula fruits are one of the richest sources of hydrolysable tannins and it is well known medicinal agent in traditional systems of medicine for treatment of various chronic ailments. In the present study, hydrolysable tannin rich fraction (HTF) was isolated from 80% hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula fruit pericarps and it was studied for acute and repeated dose oral toxicity in Wistar albino rats. HTF did not show any toxic symptoms or mortality at single dose administration of 5000 mg/kg/p.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Naravelia zeylanica DC via suppression of inflammatory mediators in carrageenan-induced abdominal oedema in zebrafish model.

The traditional herbal medicines are receiving great importance in the health care sector, especially in Indian system of medicine, i.e, Ayurveda. The present study focused on the standardization of Naravelia zeylanica (L.

Antibacterial synergy between rosmarinic acid and antibiotics against methicillin-resistant .

Aim/background: Medicinal plants have ability to resist microorganisms by synthesizing secondary metabolites such as phenols. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenylpropanoid widely distributed in plants and well known as therapeutic and cosmetic agent. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) which is resistant to all kinds of β-lactams, threatens even most potent antibiotics.

In vivo antiarthritic activity of the ethanol extracts of stem bark and seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum in Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis.

Context: Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. (Clusiaceae) (CI) is traditionally used to treat pain, inflammation, eye disorders and rheumatism.

Objective: The present study evaluates the antiarthritic activity of the ethanol extract of the stem bark (ESBCI) and seeds (ESCI) of Calophyllum inophyllum in Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic Wistar albino rat model.

Scope of Hydrolysable Tannins as Possible Antimicrobial Agent.

Hydrolysable tannins (HTs) are secondary metabolites from plants, which are roughly classified into gallotannins and ellagitannins having gallic acid and ellagic acid residues respectively attached to the hydroxyl group of glucose by ester linkage. The presence of hexahydroxydiphenoyl and nonahydroxyterphenoyl moieties is considered to render antimicrobial property to HTs. HTs also show considerable synergy with antibiotics.

Decolorization and biodegradation of remazol reactive dyes by Clostridium species.

Decolorisation and biodegradation efficacy of potential strains isolated from dyeing effluent collected from Tirupur region, Tamil Nadu, India were studied in remazol reactive dyes. Two potential strains Clostridium butyricum (EI05) and Clostridium acetobutylicum (EI25) identified by biochemical tests in our previous study were studied for their decolorising efficiency on various remazol reactive dyes (Remazol Blue RGB, Remazol Blue RR, Remazol Navy RGB and Remazol Orange RR). The synthetic dyes showed complete decolorization after 24-72 h by two potential strains EI05 and EI25.

Analytical method development and validation of simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole, pantoprazole, and itopride by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

A simple, selective, rapid, and precise reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole (RP), pantoprazole (PP), and itopride (IP) has been developed. The compounds were well separated on a Phenomenex C (Luna) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, dp = 5 μm) with C guard column (4 mm × 3 mm × 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of buffer containing 10 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (adjusted to pH 6.

Evaluation of antiarthritic activity of Strychnos potatorum Linn seeds in Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rat model.

Background: Strychnos potatorum Linn (Loganiaceae) is a moderate sized tree found in southern and central parts of India, Sri Lanka and Burma. In traditional system of medicine, Strychnos potatorum Linn seeds were used for various ailments including inflammation, diabetes etc. To investigate the folkloric use of the seeds the present study was carried out on Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rats.

Bioequivalence of two commercial preparations of escitalopram oxalate/clonazepam using a liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry method.

Objective: A randomized, two-way crossover study was conducted in 24 fasting healthy male volunteers of Indian origin to compare the bioavailability of two brands of a fixed dose combination of escitalopram oxalate (CAS 219861-08-2) 10 mg and clonazepam (CAS 1622-61-3) 0.5 mg tablets, using Estomine-zee as test and a commercially available formulation as the reference product. The pharmacokinetics of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam individually after oral administration of tablet formulation has been extensively evaluated in adult volunteers.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some imidazole-5-(4H)one derivatives.

In the present study, several substituted oxazolones were synthesized by condensation of benzoylglycine with different aldehydes. From such oxazolones, substituted imidazolones were synthesized by condensation with ethylenediamine, urea and 4-N,N-dimethylaminoaniline. All these synthesized compounds produced significant antibacterial activities.