Lipid droplet-associated proteins in alcohol-associated fatty liver disease: A proteomic approach.

Background: The earliest manifestation of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is steatosis characterized by deposition of fat in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). While alcohol administration causes a rise in LD numbers in the hepatocytes, little is known regarding their characteristics that allow their accumulation and size to increase. The aim of the present study is to gain insights into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms by investigating the ethanol-induced changes in hepatic LD proteome as a function of LD size.

Changing the phospholipid composition of lipid droplets alters localization of select lipid droplet proteins.

Our experiments aim to determine if decreasing the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) relative to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) at the lipid droplet surface changes the localization of specific lipid droplet proteins. We manipulate lipid droplet phospholipids in both a cultured mouse hepatocyte (AML12) cell line and on synthetic lipid droplets. Decreasing the PC:PE ratio increases perilipin 2, decreases DGAT2, and does not change rab18 or lanosterol synthase levels on lipid droplets.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases.

The liver is a major metabolic organ that performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. Any disruption in normal liver function can lead to the development of more severe liver disorders. Overall, about 3 million Americans have some type of liver disease and 5.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, exendin-4, reduces alcohol-associated fatty liver disease.

Fatty liver is the earliest response to excessive ethanol consumption, which increases the susceptibility of the liver to develop advanced stage of liver disease. Our previous studies have revealed that chronic alcohol administration alters metabolic hormone levels and their functions. Of current interest to our laboratory is glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a widely studied hormone known to reduce insulin resistance and hepatic fat accumulation in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.

Lipidomic Analysis of Liver Lipid Droplets after Chronic Alcohol Consumption with and without Betaine Supplementation.

The earliest manifestation of alcohol-associated liver disease is hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by fat accumulation in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). Our previous studies reported that alcohol consumption elevates the numbers and sizes of LDs in hepatocytes, which is attenuated by simultaneous treatment with the methyl group donor, betaine. Here, we examined changes in the hepatic lipidome with respect to LD size and dynamics in male Wistar rats fed for 6 weeks with control or ethanol-containing liquid diets that were supplemented with or without 10 mg betaine/mL.

Acute ethanol-induced liver injury is prevented by betaine administration.

Binge drinking is the most common form of excessive alcohol use. Repeated episodes of binge drinking cause multiple organ injuries, including liver damage. We previously demonstrated that chronic ethanol administration causes a decline in the intrahepatic ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH).

Apoptotic and Antiproliferative Potential of GAPDH from Mallotus philippensis Seed on Human Lung Carcinoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach.

Aims: The anticancer potential of a purified seed protein from Mallotus philippensis is scientifically evaluated and reported here.

Background: Seeds of Mallotus philippensis are used to treat various diseases in the indigenous systems of medicine in India.

Objectives: The present study deals with the isolation, purification, identification, and screening of protein of interest that exhibit maximum activity against lung cancer cells from the seed crude protein of Mallotus philippensis.

Structural stability of antimicrobial peptides rich in tryptophan, proline and arginine: a computational study.

The host defense peptides or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) often contain short sequence of amino acids, either positive or negatively charged and express broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity. Many researchers had reported that tryptophan, arginine and proline rich AMPs have a promising source of next-generation antibiotics. Nowadays, AMPs are used as a possible therapeutic source for future antibiotics.

Insilico Alpha-Helical Structural Recognition of Temporin Antimicrobial Peptides and Its Interactions with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus.

Many antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have multiple antimicrobial immunity effects. One such class of peptides is temporins. Temporins are the smallest (AMPs) found in nature and are highly active against gram-positive bacteria.

Bauerenol, a triterpenoid from Indian Suregada angustifolia: Induces reactive oxygen species-mediated P38MAPK activation and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells.

The triterpenoid, bauerenol, from Suregada angustifolia (Baill. ex Muell.-Arg.

Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds and leaf extracts in Jatropha tanjorensis.

Objectives: Jatropha tanjorensis was investigated scientifically to generate evidence for the efficacies reported in traditional systems and the results are given here.

Methods: Different concentrations of the solvent extracts of leaves and four isolated compounds were tested against human pathogenic microorganisms such as gram-positive bacteria of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, gram-negative bacteria of Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Vibrio alcaligenes, Vibrio cholerae and fungi of Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum by agar-well diffusion and disk diffusion methods.

Results: In agar-well diffusion method, maximum activity was recorded in a concentration-dependent manner.