Stomach-derived human insulin-secreting organoids restore glucose homeostasis.

Gut stem cells are accessible by biopsy and propagate robustly in culture, offering an invaluable resource for autologous cell therapies. Insulin-producing cells can be induced in mouse gut, but it has not been possible to generate abundant and durable insulin-secreting cells from human gut tissues to evaluate their potential as a cell therapy for diabetes. Here we describe a protocol to differentiate cultured human gastric stem cells into pancreatic islet-like organoids containing gastric insulin-secreting (GINS) cells that resemble β-cells in molecular hallmarks and function.

Efficacy and Synergy with Cisplatin of an Adenovirus Vectored Therapeutic E1E2E6E7 Vaccine against HPV Genome-Positive C3 Cancers in Mice.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the main cause of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. As prophylactic vaccines have no curative effect, an efficient therapy would be highly desired. Most therapeutic vaccine candidates target only a small subset of HPV regulatory proteins, namely, E6 and E7, and are therefore restricted in the breadth of their immune response.

Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization.

Several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are currently in use, but effective boosters are needed to maintain or increase immunity due to waning responses and the emergence of novel variants. Here we report that intranasal vaccinations with adenovirus 5 and 19a vectored vaccines following a systemic plasmid DNA or mRNA priming result in systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. In contrast to two intramuscular applications of an mRNA vaccine, intranasal boosts with adenoviral vectors induce high levels of mucosal IgA and lung-resident memory T cells (T); mucosal neutralization of virus variants of concern is also enhanced.

Design and Immunological Validation of Papillomavirus Type 3 Based Vaccine Candidates in Outbred Mice: Basis for Future Testing of a Therapeutic Papillomavirus Vaccine in NHPs.

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are causative for cervical neoplasia and carcinomas. Despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines, morbidity and mortality induced by HPV are still too high. Thus, an efficient therapy, such as a therapeutic vaccine, is urgently required.

Preoperative assessment of the mandibular canal in implant surgery: comparison of rotational panoramic radiography (OPG), computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for preoperative assessment in implant surgery.

Purpose: In this anatomical study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of rotational panoramic radiography (OPG), computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to the actual anatomical situation.

Materials And Methods: Dental images were taken of 10 human cadaver heads. Thereafter, they were prepared and measured.

A new web-based method for automated analysis of muscle histology.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited degenerative neuromuscular disease characterised by rapidly progressive muscle weakness. Currently, curative treatment is not available. Approaches for new treatments that improve muscle strength and quality of life depend on preclinical testing in animal models.

Immediate rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with screw type implants: results after up to 10 years of clinical function.

Objectives: The aim of this prospective case series was to evaluate the results of an immediate loading concept using four Xi VE S plus implants in the edentulous mandible, after a period of up to 10 years of clinical function.

Material And Methods: Thirty patients were treated with four implants each placed interforaminally and provisionally restored within 1 week. Radiographic bone levels, condition of the peri-implant mucosa, implant survival and success were recorded annually from implant insertion (baseline) up to 10 years after final restoration.

Histology and intramandibular course of the inferior alveolar nerve.

The morphology of the inferior alveolar nerve is a very important factor for all surgical procedures in the mandibular region. The aim of this anatomical and histological study was to describe the intramandibular course and the microscopic histology of the inferior alveolar nerve in the dissected human cadaver. Twenty partially dentulous hemimandible specimens from human cadavers were dissected and embalmed, and the findings were interpreted by standard and histological imaging.

Divergent molecular effects of desmin mutations on protein assembly in myofibrillar myopathy.

Mutations in the intermediate filament protein desmin cause a distinct class of myofibrillar myopathies that are characterized by deposition of aggregated desmin. To assess the effect of different disease-associated mutations at the molecular level, we applied confocal single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy. We studied the de novo aggregation properties of desmin in vitro and the aggregation state of desmin in homogenates of transfected cells rendering purification unnecessary.

Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in two animal models of dystrophin deficient muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is an inherited muscle degeneration disease for which there is still no efficient treatment. However, compounds active on the disease may already exist among approved drugs but are difficult to identify in the absence of cellular models. We used the Caenorhabditis elegans animal model to screen a collection of 1000 already approved compounds.

Surgical factors influencing mesiodistal implant angulation.

Objectives: The aim of this experimental study was to identify relevant surgical parameters influencing the mesiodistal angular deviation of dental implants.

Material And Methods: Pilot drillings of 2 mm diameter were performed in bovine ribs with a parallelometer. The subsequent preparation of the implant socket was performed freehand.

Fetal microchimerism is not involved in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus of the vulva.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between fetal cell microchimerism and lichen sclerosus of the vulva. We searched for the presence of male cells and DNA in vulval tissue samples.

Methods: Paraffin-embedded skin biopsy samples from 15 women affected with vulval lichen sclerosus who gave birth to at least one son were analyzed for the presence of microchimeric male cells using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and fluorescent PCR.

Role of microchimerism in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus.

Objective: Microchimerism of persistent fetal cells has been implicated in some cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. This study examines the hypothesis that fetal microchimerism plays a role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus (LP) affecting the oral cavity.

Study Design: Mucosal biopsies of 12 women with oral LP (OLP) were tested for the presence of both male cells and male DNA originating from prior pregnancies or prior blood transfusions.

The clinical effect of LLLT in endodontic surgery: a prospective study on 72 cases.

Objectives: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate a possible clinical benefit of LLLT in endodontic surgery.

Study Design: Seventy-two endosurgery cases on incisors and premolars were included to the study and were split randomly into an LLLT test group, a placebo group, and a control group. In the LLLT group, irradiation was performed intraoperatively and postoperatively 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery.

Influence of PRP on autogenous sinus grafts. An experimental study on sheep.

Since platelet -rich plasma (PRP) has been introduced to the field of oral surgery, it has become a widely accepted additive for bone regeneration treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regenerative capacity of PRP in a sinus graft study on sheep. Twelve adult sheep underwent a bilateral sinus floor elevation procedure with cancellous bone from the iliac crest.

Assessment of differential blockade by amitriptyline and its N-methyl derivative in different species by different routes.

Background: Increasing the duration of local anesthesia and/or creating greater differential blockade (i.e., selective block of pain-transmitting nerve fibers) has been attempted by modifying currently available agents.

In-patient comparison of immediately loaded and non-loaded implants within 6 months.

According to the Brånemark protocol, a stress-free healing period is one of the most emphasised requirements for implant integration. Recent studies have encouraged a progressive shortening of the healing period and immediate loading has been proposed for the edentulous mandible. This prospective study evaluated the clinical outcomes of 14 immediately loaded FRIALIT-2(R) implants compared with 28 non-loaded controls in an in-patient study.

Immediate loading of single-tooth implants in the anterior maxilla. Preliminary results after one year.

According to the standard protocol, a load-free healing period is one of the most emphasized requirements for implant integration. Recent studies have encouraged a progressive shortening of the healing period for single-tooth implants and immediate loading has been proposed for the aesthetic zone in the maxilla. The present study evaluated clinical outcomes of immediately loaded FRIALIT-2 Synchro implants 12 months after placement in the maxillary incisal region.

The effect of three different periodontal pre-treatment procedures on the success of telescopic removable partial dentures.

In this prospective study, 120 teeth consisting of maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars were divided into three groups each containing 40 teeth. The teeth were assigned randomly in quadrants to three different periodontal treatment protocols. The first group was treated with professional prophylaxis only.

Coping with stress: its influence on periodontal disease.

Background: Various forms of stress behavior were documented and in patients with periodontitis their relationship with periodontal disease was investigated.

Methods: Eighty-nine patients with different forms of chronic periodontitis were included in this retrospective case-control study. They were all undergoing periodontal treatment at the Department of Dental Prosthetics, University of Graz, or a private dental practice.

Evaluation of implants placed with barrier membranes. A restrospective follow-up study up to five years.

This follow-up study evaluated clinical and radiographic parameters of dental implants placed in combination with guided bone regeneration with barrier membranes. All implants functioned well up to 60 months after insertion. Forty-one patients, with a total of 72 augmented implants, who participated in a regular maintenance protocol, were investigated.

Primary wound healing after lower third molar surgery: evaluation of 2 different flap designs.

Objectives: Wound dehiscences after lower third molar surgery potentially extend the time of postsurgical treatment and may cause long-lasting pain. It was the aim of this prospective study to evaluate the primary wound healing of 2 different flap designs.

Methods: Sixty completely covered lower third molars were removed.

A modified technique of harvesting tibial cancellous bone and its use for sinus grafting.

Autogenous bone is the gold standard graft for sinus augmentation. The harvest of autogenous bone grafts from intraoral sites does often not provide sufficient bone volume and quality. A modified technique of harvesting a tibial cancellous graft is presented.

Retrospective analysis of Frialit-2 implants in the augmented sinus.

The aim of the present study was to investigate clinical and radiographic data of patients treated with implants in the posterior maxilla in combination with sinus augmentation. Study parameters included Periotest values, radiographic analysis, and survival/success rates up to 5 years. Clinical and radiographic criteria resulted in a success rate of 92.

An analysis of 58 traumatically intruded and surgically extruded permanent teeth.

Fifty-eight traumatically intruded and mainly surgically extruded permanent teeth were followed up for 3 years and 4 months (mid-term results: 29 teeth) and 9 months (short-term results: 29 teeth) on average. Statistically, the mid-term results showed more cases of severe crown discoloration (54%) than the short-term results (9%), but no difference in pulpal and periodontal healing. Three teeth (5%) were lost.