Author Correction: Phenological shifts alter the seasonal structure of pollinator assemblages in Europe.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Phenological shifts alter the seasonal structure of pollinator assemblages in Europe.

Pollinators play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems by providing key ecosystem functions and services to wild plants and crops, respectively. The sustainable provision of such ecosystem functions and services requires diverse pollinator communities over the seasons. Despite evidence that climate warming shifts pollinator phenology, a general assessment of these shifts and their consequences on pollinator assemblages is still lacking.

Elective and nonelective cesarean section and obesity among young adult male offspring: A Swedish population-based cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that cesarean section (CS) is associated with offspring overweight and obesity. However, few studies have been able to differentiate between elective and nonelective CS, which may differ in their maternal risk profile and biological pathway. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between differentiated forms of delivery with CS and risk of obesity in young adulthood.

Laboratory Calibration and Field Validation of Soil Water Content and Salinity Measurements Using the 5TE Sensor.

Capacitance sensors are widely used in agriculture for irrigation and soil management purposes. However, their use under saline conditions is a major challenge, especially for sensors operating with low frequency. Their dielectric readings are often biased by high soil electrical conductivity.

Babbling and consonant production in children with hearing impairment who use hearing aids or cochlear implants - a pilot study.

To investigate early auditory prerequisites in relation to the use of canonical babbling (CB) and early consonant production in a heterogeneous group of children with hearing impairment (HI) and in comparison to controls with normal hearing (NH). Five children with unilateral or bilateral HI who used hearing aids (HA) (0;9-1;7 years) and six children with cochlear implants (CI) (0;10-2;0 years) were compared to data from 22 children with NH (0;10-1;6 years). Hearing age, type of HI and daily use of hearing technology (hours) was investigated in relation to CB ratio and consonant production.

Weight gain and blood pressure.

Objective: Although the causality of the obesity--hypertension association is established, the potential for prevention is not. We hypothesized that weight gain between early adulthood and mid-life is associated with higher mid-life blood pressure.

Methods: We investigated the hypothesis using a large contemporaneous population-based mid-life cohort of men and women aged 50-64 years.

Regulation of cell-cell adhesion in prostate cancer cells by microRNA-96 through upregulation of E-Cadherin and EpCAM.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, yet the biology behind lethal disease progression and bone metastasis is poorly understood. In this study, we found elevated levels of microRNA-96 (miR-96) in prostate cancer bone metastasis samples. To determine the molecular mechanisms by which miR-96 deregulation contributes to metastatic progression, we performed an Argonaute2-immunoprecipitation assay, in which mRNAs associated with cell-cell interaction were enriched.

Changing diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes in Sweden - a stepped wedge national cluster randomised controlled trial - the CDC4G study protocol.

Background: The optimal criteria to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain contested. The Swedish National Board of Health introduced the 2013 WHO criteria in 2015 as a recommendation for initiation of treatment for hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. With variation in GDM screening and diagnostic practice across the country, it was agreed that the shift to new guidelines should be in a scientific and structured way.

KBTBD13 is an actin-binding protein that modulates muscle kinetics.

The mechanisms that modulate the kinetics of muscle relaxation are critically important for muscle function. A prime example of the impact of impaired relaxation kinetics is nemaline myopathy caused by mutations in KBTBD13 (NEM6). In addition to weakness, NEM6 patients have slow muscle relaxation, compromising contractility and daily life activities.

Detective efficiency of photon counting detectors with spectral degradation and crosstalk.

Purpose: Charge sharing and migration of scattered and fluorescence photons in an energy discriminating photon counting detector (PCD) degrade the detector's energy response and can cause a single incident photon to be registered as multiple events at different energies among neighboring pixels, leading to spatio-energetic correlation. Such a correlation in conventional linear, space-invariant imaging system can be usefully characterized by the frequency dependent detective quantum efficiency DQE(f). Defining and estimating DQE(f) for PCDs in a manner consistent with that of conventional detectors is complicated because the traditional definition of DQE(f) does not address spectral information.

Blood cadmium concentration and risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Background: Cadmium is a toxic metal and exposure is mainly from diet and tobacco smoke. Cadmium is accumulated in blood vessels and may reduce synthesis of procollagen and inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. High blood cadmium has been associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Resolution characterization of a silicon-based, photon-counting computed tomography prototype capable of patient scanning.

Photon-counting detectors are expected to bring a range of improvements to patient imaging with x-ray computed tomography (CT). One is higher spatial resolution. We demonstrate the resolution obtained using a commercial CT scanner where the original energy-integrating detector has been replaced by a single-slice, silicon-based, photon-counting detector.

Force generated by myosin cross-bridges is reduced in myofibrils exposed to ROS/RNS.

Skeletal muscle weakness is associated with oxidative stress and oxidative posttranslational modifications on contractile proteins. There is indirect evidence that reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) affect skeletal muscle myofibrillar function, although the details of the acute effects of ROS/RNS on myosin-actin interactions are not known. In this study, we examined the effects of peroxynitrite (ONOO) on the contractile properties of individual skeletal muscle myofibrils by monitoring myofibril-induced displacements of an atomic force cantilever upon activation and relaxation.

Determination of birth-weight centile thresholds associated with adverse perinatal outcomes using population, customised, and Intergrowth charts: A Swedish population-based cohort study.

Background: Although many studies have compared birth-weight charts to determine which better identify infants at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, less attention has been given to the threshold used to define small or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA) infants. Our aim was to explore different thresholds associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes using population, customised, and Intergrowth centile charts.

Methods And Findings: This is a population-based cohort study (Swedish Medical Birth Registry), which included term singleton births between 2006 and 2015 from women with available data on first-trimester screening.

Transparency and sustainability in global commodity supply chains.

Over the last few decades rapid advances in processes to collect, monitor, disclose, and disseminate information have contributed towards the development of entirely new modes of sustainability governance for global commodity supply chains. However, there has been very little critical appraisal of the contribution made by different transparency initiatives to sustainability and the ways in which they can (and cannot) influence new governance arrangements. Here we seek to strengthen the theoretical underpinning of research and action on supply chain transparency by addressing four questions: (1) What is meant by supply chain transparency? (2) What is the relevance of supply chain transparency to supply chain sustainability governance? (3) What is the current status of supply chain transparency, and what are the strengths and weaknesses of existing initiatives? and (4) What propositions can be advanced for how transparency can have a positive transformative effect on the governance interventions that seek to strengthen sustainability outcomes? We use examples from agricultural supply chains and the zero-deforestation agenda as a focus of our analysis but draw insights that are relevant to the transparency and sustainability of supply chains in general.

Treatment satisfaction correlated with glycaemic control and burden of diabetes in Swedish adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To assess treatment satisfaction and perceived discomfort or pain from the treatment, and potential associations with glycaemic control, type of treatment, perceived burden of diabetes, sex and age, in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at one paediatric and at one adult diabetes clinic in Sweden, preceded by a translation of 'Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) Teen'. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (15-20 years) participated.

Hyperthermia Treatment Planning Including Convective Flow in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Brain Tumour Hyperthermia Treatment Using a Novel Dedicated Paediatric Brain Applicator.

Hyperthermia therapy (40-44 °C) is a promising option to increase efficacy of radiotherapy/chemotherapy for brain tumours, in particular paediatric brain tumours. The Chalmers Hyperthermia Helmet is developed for this purpose. Hyperthermia treatment planning is required for treatment optimisation, but current planning systems do not involve a physically correct model of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Airborne contamination and surgical site infection: Could a thirty-year-old idea help solve the problem?

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a most serious postoperative complication, associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as extended therapy and elevated healthcare costs. In open clean surgery, e.g.

Psychosocial and behavioural characteristics in women with pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain 12 years postpartum.

Background: There is insufficient evidence regarding psychosocial factors and its long-term association with persistent pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. The overall aim of this study was to investigate women with persistent pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain 12 years postpartum based on psychosocial and behavioural characteristics using the Swedish version of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI-S) classification system.

Material And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on a previous cohort.

Heart rate and premature atrial contractions at 24hECG independently predict atrial fibrillation in a population-based study.

Background: Low resting heart rate and premature atrial contractions (PACs) predict incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and could be interdependent, since PACs occur in the gaps between normal beats.

Objective: To study the association between low heart rate at 24hECG, PACs and incident AF in a prospective population-based cohort.

Methods: In the Malmö Diet and Cancer study, 24hECGs were performed in 377 AF-free subjects.

3D Simulations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Detection Using Broadband Microwave Technology.

Early, preferably prehospital, detection of intracranial bleeding after trauma or stroke would dramatically improve the acute care of these large patient groups. In this paper, we use simulated microwave transmission data to investigate the performance of a machine learning classification algorithm based on subspace distances for the detection of intracranial bleeding. A computational model, consisting of realistic human head models of patients with bleeding, as well as healthy subjects, was inserted in an antenna array model.

High-speed AFM reveals subsecond dynamics of cardiac thin filaments upon Ca activation and heavy meromyosin binding.

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) can be used to study dynamic processes with real-time imaging of molecules within 1- to 5-nm spatial resolution. In the current study, we evaluated the 3-state model of activation of cardiac thin filaments (cTFs) isolated as a complex and deposited on a mica-supported lipid bilayer. We studied this complex for dynamic conformational changes 1) at low and high [Ca] (pCa 9.

Therapeutic hypothermia and N-PASS; results from implementation in a level 3 NICU.

Background: Neonates that have been subjected to perinatal asphyxia and fulfill criteria for therapeutic hypothermia are cooled to 33.5 °C for 72 h. There is no consensus regarding sedation and analgesic use during hypothermia, but there is evidence supporting the importance of pain relief and adequate sedation.

Pulse pileup analysis for a double-sided silicon strip detector using variable pulse shapes.

Due to pulse pileup, photon counting detectors (PCDs) suffer from count loss and energy distortion when operating in high count rate environments. In this paper, we studied the pulse pileup of a double-sided silicon strip detector (DSSSD) to evaluate its potential application in a mammography system. We analyzed the pulse pileup using pulses of varied shapes, where the shape of the pulse depends on the location of photon interaction within the detector.