Interpersonal sensitivity predicts slower change and less change in anxiety symptoms in cognitive behavioural therapy.

Objectives: Patients in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) who are high in interpersonal sensitivity may have difficulty fully engaging in treatment because therapy sessions require intimate interpersonal interactions that are especially uncomfortable for these individuals. The current study tests the hypotheses that patients who are high in interpersonal sensitivity benefit less from CBT for symptoms of depression and anxiety, show a slower rate of change in those symptoms, and are more likely to drop out of treatment.

Methods: Participants were 832 outpatients who received naturalistic CBT.

Causes of Death in the Presence of Law Enforcement in Johnson County, Iowa, 2011-2020.

To examine sudden and unexpected or trauma-related deaths that occurred in the presence of law enforcement in Johnson County, Iowa, between 2011 and 2020. We identified deaths in the presence of law enforcement using definitions from the National Association of Medical Examiners. We obtained data, including demographics, cause and manner of death, toxicology results, and circumstances and location of event leading to death, from comprehensive medical examiner investigative reports.

Fatal Vertebral Artery Dissection Following Self-Manipulation of the Cervical Spine.

Cervical spine manipulation is a known risk factor for vertebral artery dissection. In this report, we present a case of fatal vertebral artery dissection that occurred as the result of self-manipulation of the cervical spine. The decedent was a 40-year-old man with no significant past medical history.

Rare variant of large pediatric glioneuronal tumor with novel MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion: illustrative case.

Background: Glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) comprise a rare class of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms with varying degrees of neuronal and glial differentiation that predominately affect children and young adults. Within the current 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors, GNTs encompass 14 distinct tumor types. Recently, the use of whole-genome DNA methylation profiling has allowed more precise classification of this tumor group.

Changes in affective and cognitive distortion symptoms of depression are reciprocally related during cognitive behavior therapy.

We tested the predictions from Beck's cognitive theory that change in cognitive distortions precedes and predicts change in affective symptoms of depression, and his secondary prediction that change in affective symptoms precedes and predicts change in cognitive distortions during the course of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT; Beck, 1963). We used bivariate latent difference score modeling to examine change in affective and cognitive distortion symptoms of depression over time in a sample of 1402 outpatients who received naturalistic CBT in a private practice setting. Patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at each therapy session to monitor their progress in treatment.

Using the Beck Depression Inventory to Assess Anhedonia: A Scale Validation Study.

Anhedonia is central to several psychological disorders and a frequent target of psychosocial and pharmacological treatments. We evaluated the psychometric properties of two widely used anhedonia measures derived from the Beck Depression Inventory: a 3-item (BDI-Anh3) and a 4-item version (BDI-Anh4). We evaluated these measures in a large undergraduate sample, a community sample, and a clinical sample.

Neuropathologic Features in Chronic Methamphetamine Use.

Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant that exerts its euphoric and stimulant effects by increasing cytosolic monoamine concentration at the nerve terminal. In addition to its known systemic cardiovascular effects, there is compelling evidence to suggest a direct neurotoxic effect of methamphetamine; however, the existing body of literature includes very few human tissue studies. This exploratory analysis used postmortem human brain specimens to examine histologic and immunohistochemical features associated with chronic methamphetamine use.

An Interesting Case of Severe Hyponatremia.

In this report, we present an unusual and multifactorial case of severe hyponatremia with important clinical implications. The decedent was a 42-year-old woman who was discovered at her place of residence with altered mental status and profuse watery diarrhea. The scene was significant for numerous empty water bottles.

Metabolic reprogramming underlies cavefish muscular endurance despite loss of muscle mass and contractility.

Physical inactivity is a scourge to human health, promoting metabolic disease and muscle wasting. Interestingly, multiple ecological niches have relaxed investment into physical activity, providing an evolutionary perspective into the effect of adaptive physical inactivity on tissue homeostasis. One such example, the Mexican cavefish has lost moderate-to-vigorous activity following cave colonization, reaching basal swim speeds ~3.

PHASE: An Open-Source Program for the Analysis of ase, ctivity, and leep Under ntrainment.

The problem of entrainment is central to circadian biology. In this regard, has been an important model system. Owing to the simplicity of its nervous system and the availability of powerful genetic tools, the system has shed significant light on the molecular and neural underpinnings of entrainment.

The metabolome of Mexican cavefish shows a convergent signature highlighting sugar, antioxidant, and Ageing-Related metabolites.

Insights from organisms, which have evolved natural strategies for promoting survivability under extreme environmental pressures, may help guide future research into novel approaches for enhancing human longevity. The cave-adapted Mexican tetra, , has attracted interest as a model system for , a term we use to denote the property of maintaining health and longevity under conditions that would be highly deleterious in other organisms (Figure 1). Cave-dwelling populations of Mexican tetra exhibit elevated blood glucose, insulin resistance and hypertrophic visceral adipocytes compared to surface-dwelling counterparts.

Enhanced lipogenesis through Pparγ helps cavefish adapt to food scarcity.

Nutrient availability varies seasonally and spatially in the wild. While many animals, such as hibernating animals or migrating birds, evolved strategies to overcome periods of nutrient scarcity, the cellular mechanisms of these strategies are poorly understood. Cave environments represent an example of nutrient-deprived environments, since the lack of sunlight and therefore primary energy production drastically diminishes the nutrient availability.

The reduced form of the antibody CH2 domain.

Among the immunoglobulin domains, the CH2 domain has the lowest thermal stability, which also depends on amino acid sequence and buffer conditions. To further identify factors that influence CH2 folding and stability, we characterized the domain in the reduced form using differential scanning fluorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance. We show that the CH2 domain can fold, similarly to the disulfide-bridged form, without forming a disulfide-bridge, even though the protein contains two Cys residues.

Relationship to CBT outcome and dropout of decision support tools of the written case formulation, list of treatment goals and plot of symptom scores.

Many patients who receive cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for mood and anxiety disorders fail to respond or drop out of treatment. We tested the hypotheses that therapist use of each of three decision support tools, a written case formulation, a list of treatment goals, and a plot of symptom scores, was associated with improved outcome and reduced dropout in naturalistic CBT provided to 845 patients in a private practice setting. We conducted regression analyses to test the hypotheses that the presence of each tool in the clinical record was associated with lower end-of-treatment scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Burns Anxiety Inventory (BurnsAI), and lower rates of premature and uncollaborative dropout.

Ethical and Legal Guidance for Mental Health Practitioners Who Wish to Conduct Research in a Private Practice Setting.

Mental health practitioners, even when they have research training, rarely contribute to the scientific literature. One reason for this may be that they need help addressing the ethical and legal issues they encounter as they contemplate undertaking research in a clinical practice setting. To address that need, we offer several types of guidance for conducting research in a private practice setting in a way that meets high ethical and legal standards.

A synergy of activity, stability, and inhibitor-interaction of HIV-1 protease mutants evolved under drug-pressure.

A clinically-relevant, drug-resistant mutant of HIV-1 protease (PR), termed Flap+ and containing L10I, G48V, I54V and V82A mutations, is known to produce significant changes in the entropy and enthalpy balance of drug-PR interactions, compared to wild-type PR. A similar mutant, Flap+ , which evolves from Flap+ and contains the single change at residue 54 relative to Flap+ , does not. Yet, how Flap+ behaves in solution is not known.