The effect of preoperative hormonal stimulation on the urethral plate; A histologic and histochemical study.

Aim Of The Work: Preoperative hormone stimulation (PHS) is used to increase the glans size and may improve the cosmetic appearance after hypospadias surgery. The exact effect of PHS on different penile tissues remains unclear and controversial. Previous studies showed that PHS increased vessel density in the foreskin.

Hormone receptor expression in hypospadias.

Introduction: Sex hormone imbalance in utero is hypothesized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypospadias. Due to its easy accessibility, foreskin samples have been used to describe hormone receptor expression in rodents, and both adult and pediatric patients. In this study we conducted a systematic approach to assess hormone receptor expression in pediatric patients with hypospadias compared to healthy controls with a focus on age-matching and differences in severity and degree of hypospadias.

Comparison between cone-beam breast-CT and full-field digital mammography for microcalcification detection depending on breast density.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of breast density on the diagnostic performance of cone-beam breast-CT (CBBCT) in comparison to full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for the detection of microcalcifications. This retrospective IRB-approved study was conducted between December 2015 and March 2017 and enrolled 171 women with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 4 or 5 lesions on FFDM and additional CBBCT; 56 of which were ineligible. The inclusion was restricted to 83 women (90 breasts, 90 lesions) with microcalcifications.

The urethral plate and the underlying tissue; a histological and histochemical study.

Objective: To examine the urethral plate and the underlying tissues in children with proximal hypospadias associated with severe chordee.

Materials And Methods: The urethral plate and the underlying tissue specimens were excised to correct severe chordee in 17 children with proximal and perineal hypospadias with severe chordee. The median age was 20 months (range 8-36).

Mucoricin is a ricin-like toxin that is critical for the pathogenesis of mucormycosis.

Fungi of the order Mucorales cause mucormycosis, a lethal infection with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. We demonstrate that Mucorales fungi produce a toxin, which plays a central role in virulence. Polyclonal antibodies against this toxin inhibit its ability to damage human cells in vitro and prevent hypovolemic shock, organ necrosis and death in mice with mucormycosis.

Free propagation phase-contrast breast CT provides higher image quality than cone-beam breast-CT at low radiation doses: a feasibility study on human mastectomies.

In this study we demonstrate the first direct comparison between synchrotron x-ray propagation-based CT (PB-CT) and cone-beam breast-CT (CB-CT) on human mastectomy specimens (N = 12) including different benign and malignant lesions. The image quality and diagnostic power of the obtained data sets were compared and judged by two independent expert radiologists. Two cases are presented in detail in this paper including a comparison with the corresponding histological evaluation.

Breast lesion size assessment in mastectomy specimens: Correlation of cone-beam breast-CT, digital breast tomosynthesis and full-field digital mammography with histopathology.

To compare the accuracy of breast lesion size measurement of cone-beam breast-CT (CBBCT), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM).Patients scheduled for mastectomy due to at least 1 malignant breast lesion were included. Mastectomy specimens were examined by CBBCT, DBT, FFDM, and histopathology.

Of Cestodes and Men: Surgical Treatment of a Spinal Hydatid Cyst.

Background:  The cestode causes hydatid disease. In addition to manifestations in the liver and lung, it can lead to cystic lesions in the spine.

Case Description:  We report a 42-year-old male patient with primary hydatid disease in the eighth thoracic vertebra.

Generation of highly differentiated BHY oral squamous cell carcinoma multicellular spheroids.

Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids (MCS) are considered suitable models in cancer research and anticancer drug development. Although studying the complex tumour characteristics from all different degrees of malignancy is vital, MCS generation has only been described in a few moderately- and poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. No previous study has demonstrated the MCS formation in a highly differentiated OSCC cell line.

High mast cell density indicates a longer overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study evaluates the effects of tumour-associated mast cells on the prognosis of patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Tryptase-positive (MCT) and CD117-positive (CD117) mast cells were immunohistochemically evaluated in tissue samples of 118 OSCC patients. Besides, various clinicopathological parameters, the influence of the MCT and CD117 mast cell density on overall survival and the incidence of first local recurrence was analysed by Cox regression and competing risk regression.

Contrast Enhancement on Cone-Beam Breast-CT for Discrimination of Breast Cancer Immunohistochemical Subtypes.

Purpose: To evaluate whether contrast enhancement on cone-beam breast-CT (CBBCT) could aid in discrimination of breast cancer subtypes and receptor status.

Methods: This study included female patients age >40 years with malignant breast lesions identified on contrast-enhanced CBBCT. Contrast enhancement of malignant breast lesions was standardized to breast fat tissue contrast enhancement.

Cone-beam Breast Computed Tomography: CT Density Does Not Reflect Proliferation Potential and Receptor Expression of Breast Carcinoma.

Purpose: Recently, cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBCT) is established for the breast investigation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible associations between CBCT findings and histopathological features in breast cancer.

Methods: Overall, 59 female patients, mean age of 64.

The Early Adaptive Immune Response in the Pathophysiological Process of Pneumococcal Meningitis.

Background:  The adaptive immune system has been considered to play a minimal role in the early host response during bacterial meningitis.

Methods:  We investigated the progression and outcome of pneumococcal meningitis in Rag1 mice lacking functional B and T cells by assessing overall and symptom-free survival, bacteriological and histological studies, as well as flow cytometry and measurements of proinflammatory mediators.

Results:  The intracerebral injection of S.

FLT3-ITD and TLR9 use Bruton tyrosine kinase to activate distinct transcriptional programs mediating AML cell survival and proliferation.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is driven by niche-derived and cell-autonomous stimuli. Although many cell-autonomous disease drivers are known, niche-dependent signaling in the context of the genetic disease heterogeneity has been difficult to investigate. Here, we analyzed the role of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) in AML.

The BCL9-2 proto-oncogene governs estrogen receptor alpha expression in breast tumorigenesis.

The majority of human breast cancers express estrogen receptor alpha (ER), which is important for therapy with anti-estrogens. Here we describe the role of BCL9-2, a proto-oncogene previously characterized as co-activator of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, for mammary tumorigenesis in mice and human. ER positive human breast cancers showed overexpression of BCL9-2 and tamoxifen treated patients with high BCL9-2 demonstrated a better survival.

Membrane connexin 43 acts as an independent prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and localization of connexin (Cx) 26, -43 and -45 in a group of 35 patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with the objective of making a more accurate disease prognosis. We analysed the expression of connexins in tissue samples of primary OSCC, matching oral mucosa free of dysplasia, and its associated lymph node metastases (LNM) by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry of membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear connexin expression. The levels of expression were correlated with the overall survival time (OS).

Mandibular reconstruction using a calcium phosphate/polyethylene glycol hydrogel carrier with BMP-2.

Aim: To test the hypothesis that a synthetic hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) construct combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel including recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (rhBMP-2) enhances new bone formation compared with bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2) delivered using the HA/TCP construct alone.

Material And Methods: Bilateral mandibular partial thickness 20 × 8 × 8 mm (L × W × H) alveolar defects were surgically created in the edentulated posterior mandible in 18 female minipigs. Randomized into two groups of nine animals each, the alveolar defects either received HA/TCP or HA/TCP/PEG with or without BMP-2 (105 μg/defect) in contra-lateral sites using a split-mouth design.

Fungal encephalitis in human autopsy cases is associated with extensive neuronal damage but only minimal repair.

Aims: The present study aimed at examining neuronal injury and repair in post mortem brain sections of humans who died from fungal central nervous system infections.

Methods: Histological and immunohistochemical abnormalities in 15 autopsy cases with fungal central nervous system infections from 1990 to 2008 were compared with findings in 10 age- und sex-matched control cases that died from acute non-neurological causes. The fungal pathogens were identified by culture or polymerase chain reaction and morphology in post mortem tissue.

Effects of acute intracranial hypertension on extracerebral organs: a randomized experimental study in pigs.

Background: The study was conducted to determine the effects of isolated acute intracranial hypertension (AICH) on extracerebral organs.

Design: A total of 14 mechanically ventilated pigs were randomized to two groups of seven each: (1) control and (2) AICH.

Methods: AICH was induced by inflating an intracranial balloon catheter.