SGLT2 inhibition alters substrate utilization and mitochondrial redox in healthy and failing rat hearts.

Previous studies highlight the potential for sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) to exert cardioprotective effects in heart failure by increasing plasma ketones and shifting myocardial fuel utilization toward ketone oxidation. However, SGLT2i have multiple in vivo effects and the differential impact of SGLT2i treatment and ketone supplementation on cardiac metabolism remains unclear. Here, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology combined with infusions of [13C6]glucose or [13C4]βOHB, we demonstrate that acute SGLT2 inhibition with dapagliflozin shifts relative rates of myocardial mitochondrial metabolism toward ketone oxidation, decreasing pyruvate oxidation with little effect on fatty acid oxidation in awake rats.

Diverse phenotypes, consistent treatment: a study of 30,997 South Asian and White IBD patients using the UK IBD BioResource.

Objective: To evaluate South Asian (SA) and White (WH) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) phenotypes, and to explore treatment approach variations between these cohorts in the UK using the IBD BioResource database.

Design: Differences between WH and SA IBD patients were analysed using demographic, phenotypic and outcome data. Drug utilisation patterns and surgical outcomes were assessed in propensity score-matched (PSM) cohorts with multivariable logistic regression, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Management of Persistent Hypernasality After Pharyngeal Flap: A Novel V-to-Y Revision Procedure to Tighten the Lateral Ports.

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is common in patients with a repaired cleft palate. 18% to 20% of patients who undergo superiorly based pharyngeal flap for VPI may require a revision procedure due to persistent hypernasality. One solution to persistent VPI is flap revision, but there is a paucity of revision techniques described in the literature.

The effectiveness of homeopathy in relieving symptoms and reducing antibiotic use in patients with otitis media: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: This systematic review of clinical trial evidence aims to determine whether homeopathy can effectively relieve symptoms and reduce antibiotic use in patients diagnosed with otitis media (OM).

Methods: Seven databases and four trial registries were searched. Eligible studies included randomised- and non-randomised-controlled-trials in patients diagnosed with OM.

Kitaev interactions through extended superexchange pathways in the Ru honeycomb magnet RuPSiO.

Magnetic materials are composed of the simple building blocks of magnetic moments on a crystal lattice that interact via magnetic exchange. Yet from this simplicity emerges a remarkable diversity of magnetic states. Some reveal the deep quantum mechanical origins of magnetism, for example, quantum spin liquid (QSL) states in which magnetic moments remain disordered at low temperatures despite being strongly correlated through quantum entanglement.

Cryophysiology of coral microfragments: effects of chilling and cryoprotectant toxicity.

Coral reefs are being degraded at alarming rates and decisive intervention actions are urgently needed. One such intervention is coral cryopreservation. Although the cryopreservation of coral sperm and larvae has been achieved, preservation of coral fragments including both its tissue and skeleton, has not.

Understanding the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer outcomes: 12-Month follow-up data from the international, prospective COVIDSurg Cancer study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to report the 12-month oncological outcomes for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) within the prospective, international COVIDSurg Cancer study.

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and scheduled for elective surgical management of NMIBC with curative intent (transurethral resection of bladder tumour [TURBT] or bladder biopsy) from 21 January to 14 April 2020. The primary outcome was disease recurrence within 12 months of previous elective TURBT/bladder biopsy.

Universally Consistent K-Sample Tests via Dependence Measures.

The K-sample testing problem involves determining whether K groups of data points are each drawn from the same distribution. Analysis of variance is arguably the most classical method to test mean differences, along with several recent methods to test distributional differences. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of a transformation that allows K-sample testing to be carried out using any dependence measure.

Midline Cervical Cleft: Case Report and Current Understanding.

Congenital midline cervical cleft (CMCC) is an extraordinarily rare midline lesion that is present at birth. The lesion can cause micrognathia and cervical contracture via underlying traction on the mandible. It is essential to recognize the condition and excise the lesion within 1 year of diagnosis to mitigate long term cosmetic and functional problems.

The impact of cannabidiol placebo on amygdala-based neural responses to an acute stressor.

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) impacts brain regions implicated in anxiety reactivity and stress reactivity (e.g., amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insula (AI)); however, placebo-controlled studies are mixed regarding CBD's anxiolytic effects.

Clinician actions in response to Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) screening.

Background And Objective: Adverse Childhood Experiences(ACEs) have a powerful influence on mental health, physical health, and life expectancy. Screening for ACEs and the clinician response to ACEs are critical to addressing the health and well-being of children; however, little is known about the actions clinicians take in response to ACE screening. Therefore, we aimed to examine clinician responses to ACE screening at five California pediatric clinics in a large public health care system.

Twenty-four-month effortful control predicts emerging autism characteristics.

Longitudinal research can assess how diverging development of multiple cognitive skills during infancy, as well as familial background, are related to the emergence of neurodevelopmental conditions. Sensorimotor and effortful control difficulties are seen in infants later diagnosed with autism; this study explored the relationships between these skills and autism characteristics in 340 infants (240 with elevated familial autism likelihood) assessed at 4-7, 8-10, 12-15, 24, and 36 months. We tested: (1) the relationship between parent-reported effortful control (Rothbart's temperament questionnaires) and sensorimotor skills (Mullen Scales of Early Learning), using random intercept cross-lagged panel modelling; (2) whether household income and maternal education predicted stable individual differences in cognition; (3) sensorimotor and effortful control skills as individual and interactive predictors of parent-reported autism characteristics (Social Responsiveness Scale) at 3 years, using multiple regression; and (4) moderation of interactions by familial likelihood.

Success of medication abortion with mifepristone followed by two doses of misoprostol in very early pregnancy.

Objectives: To compare medication abortion (MAB) success in very early pregnancy (VEP) with mifepristone followed by either one or two doses of misoprostol.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of VEP MABs from July 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022 treated with mifepristone 200 mg oral followed by a single dose of misoprostol 800 mcg buccal 24 to 48 hours later and MABs from June 21, 2022 to October 31, 2022 treated with mifepristone 200 mg oral followed by two doses of misoprostol 800 mcg buccal spaced 4 hours apart, with first dose taken 24 to 48 hours after mifepristone. Serum BhCG was collected at the time of mifepristone treatment with additional BhCG collected 48 to 72 hours after misoprostol treatment in both groups.

Tracking Measles and Rubella Elimination Progress-World Health Organization African Region, 2022-2023.

Measles or rubella elimination is verified when endemic transmission of the corresponding virus has been absent for over 36 months in a defined area, in the presence of a well-performing surveillance system. This report updates the progress by 47 countries in the WHO African Region towards the goal of attaining verification of measles and rubella elimination in at least 80% of the countries of the region by 2030. We reviewed the WHO-UNICEF vaccination coverage estimates for the first and second doses of measles- and measles-rubella-containing vaccines, as well as the available coverage data for measles supplementary immunization activities, during 2022-2023.

Measles Population Immunity Profiles: Updated Methods and Tools.

Measles is a highly contagious disease and remains a major cause of child mortality worldwide. While measles vaccine is highly effective, high levels of population immunity are needed to prevent outbreaks. Simple but accurate tools are needed to estimate the profile of population measles immunity by age to identify and fill immunity gaps caused by low levels of vaccination coverage.

The mouse metabolic phenotyping center (MMPC) live consortium: an NIH resource for in vivo characterization of mouse models of diabetes and obesity.

The Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (MMPC)Live Program was established in 2023 by the National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to advance biomedical research by providing the scientific community with standardized, high quality phenotyping services for mouse models of diabetes and obesity. Emerging as the next iteration of the MMPC Program which served the biomedical research community for 20 years (2001-2021), MMPCLive is designed as an outwardly-facing consortium of service cores that collaborate to provide reduced-cost consultation and metabolic, physiologic, and behavioral phenotyping tests on live mice for U.S.

Evaluating the coral microbiome during cryopreservation.

Coral reefs are threatened by various local and global stressors, including elevated ocean temperatures due to anthropogenic climate change. Coral cryopreservation could help secure the diversity of threatened corals. Recently, isochoric vitrification was used to demonstrate that coral fragments lived to 24 hr post-thaw; however, in this study, they were stressed post-thaw.

The Lorenz ratio as a guide to scattering contributions to transport in strongly correlated metals.

In many physical situations in which many-body assemblies exist at temperature , a characteristic quantum-mechanical time scale of approximately [Formula: see text] can be identified in both theory and experiment, leading to speculation that it may be the shortest meaningful time in such circumstances. This behavior can be investigated by probing the scattering rate of electrons in a broad class of materials often referred to as "strongly correlated metals". It is clear that in some cases only electron-electron scattering can be its cause, while in others it arises from high-temperature scattering of electrons from quantized lattice vibrations, i.